Diabetes and hypertension in pregnancy: Association with adverse birth outcomes among pregnant women living with and without HIV in Cape Town, South Africa (2017-2019): A retrospective study
type: CreativeWork
description: Background Research suggests that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the likelihood of having hypertension and diabetes. In pregnancy, maternal exposures such as HIV and ART, hypertension, and diabetes are associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, studies tend to explore these factors in isolation. In South Africa, there is a high prevalence of HIV and obesity, thus a high risk of hypertension and diabetes. This study sought to explore the interplay of these non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with HIV in pregnancy and the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes. Methods A retrospective secondary data analysis of data collected from pregnant women where questionnaires, body anthropometrics and birth outcomes were obtained in an urban antenatal facility was conducted. A total of 470 (48%) participants living with HIV and 505 (52%) without HIV were included in this analysis. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was reported as overall and stratified by body mass index (BMI) and HIV status in the population. Pregnancy exposures of interest were HIV, hypertension, diabetes, HIV and hypertension, HIV and diabetes, and ART initiated during and pre-pregnancy. Factors associated with hypertension and diabetes were assessed using regression analysis although we could not retrieve the models on diabetes due to sample size restrictions. The adverse birth outcomes of interest were small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), preterm delivery (PTD), low birthweight (LBW), and high birthweight (HBW). Median and interquartile range, proportions, and regression analysis were used to analyse adverse birth outcomes. Results Overall hypertension was approximately 9% whereas diabetes was 2% in this population. Although we could not achieve statistical significance, obese women living with HIV (WLHIV) had higher hypertension prevalence compared to normal weight WLHIV (14% vs 2%). A unit increase in gravidity, parity…
abstract: Background Research suggests that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the likelihood of having hypertension and diabetes. In pregnancy, maternal exposures such as HIV and ART, hypertension, and diabetes are associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, studies tend to explore these factors in isolation. In South Africa, there is a high prevalence of HIV and obesity, thus a high risk of hypertension and diabetes. This study sought to explore the interplay of these non-communicable diseases (NCDs) with HIV in pregnancy and the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes. Methods A retrospective secondary data analysis of data collected from pregnant women where questionnaires, body anthropometrics and birth outcomes were obtained in an urban antenatal facility was conducted. A total of 470 (48%) participants living with HIV and 505 (52%) without HIV were included in this analysis. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was reported as overall and stratified by body mass index (BMI) and HIV status in the population. Pregnancy exposures of interest were HIV, hypertension, diabetes, HIV and hypertension, HIV and diabetes, and ART initiated during and pre-pregnancy. Factors associated with hypertension and diabetes were assessed using regression analysis although we could not retrieve the models on diabetes due to sample size restrictions. The adverse birth outcomes of interest were small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), preterm delivery (PTD), low birthweight (LBW), and high birthweight (HBW). Median and interquartile range, proportions, and regression analysis were used to analyse adverse birth outcomes. Results Overall hypertension was approximately 9% whereas diabetes was 2% in this population. Although we could not achieve statistical significance, obese women living with HIV (WLHIV) had higher hypertension prevalence compared to normal weight WLHIV (14% vs 2%). A unit increase in gravidity, parity…
author: Lehloa, Amohelang
keywords: Public Health and Family Medicine
date published: 2023
date modified: 2026-07-22T22:23:10Z
provider: University of Cape Town
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Department of Public Health and Family Medicine

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property ID: Handle
value: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/39621