The development, validation, and evaluation of quantitative assays for determining adherence of heart failure patients to carvedilol, enalapril and perindopril
type: CreativeWork
description: Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic with a rising prevalence rate in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poor medication adherence contributes to the impact of chronic diseases such as HF. However, there are sparse adherence data on HF patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This is problematic as African HF patients have a high mortality rate, which is poorly understood. Poor medication adherence could contribute to the high mortality rate of African HF patients. Objective adherence measures are better than subjective measures (for example, patient recall) at predicting outcomes. In addition, the adherence method should be applicable to resource-scarce settings. Novel multiplex assays were developed to quantify carvedilol, enalaprilat and perindoprilat in dried blood spots (DBS) and correlated with plasma. Carvedilol, enalapril and perindopril are medications commonly used to treat HF, with enalaprilat and perindoprilat being the active metabolites of enalapril and perindopril, respectively. The developed assays were then evaluated in terms of their ability to discern between non-adherent and adherent patients and their suitability for use in resource-scarce settings. Method: The DBS and plasma assays were validated per the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. The plasma assay was validated over a calibration range of 0.2–200 ng/mL for carvedilol, enalaprilat and perindoprilat. The DBS assay was validated over a range of 1.00–200 ng/mL for the three analytes. The DBS assays were correlated with plasma concentrations in a pilot intensive pharmacokinetic study of six patients. The correlation was determined using Deming regression, with Bland–Altman analysis used to establish agreement between observed and calculated plasma concentrations. Calculated plasma concentrations were obtained using the Deming regression equations describing the relationship between DBS and plasma concentrations. Results: Accuracy, precision, selec…
abstract: Background: Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic with a rising prevalence rate in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poor medication adherence contributes to the impact of chronic diseases such as HF. However, there are sparse adherence data on HF patients in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This is problematic as African HF patients have a high mortality rate, which is poorly understood. Poor medication adherence could contribute to the high mortality rate of African HF patients. Objective adherence measures are better than subjective measures (for example, patient recall) at predicting outcomes. In addition, the adherence method should be applicable to resource-scarce settings. Novel multiplex assays were developed to quantify carvedilol, enalaprilat and perindoprilat in dried blood spots (DBS) and correlated with plasma. Carvedilol, enalapril and perindopril are medications commonly used to treat HF, with enalaprilat and perindoprilat being the active metabolites of enalapril and perindopril, respectively. The developed assays were then evaluated in terms of their ability to discern between non-adherent and adherent patients and their suitability for use in resource-scarce settings. Method: The DBS and plasma assays were validated per the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. The plasma assay was validated over a calibration range of 0.2–200 ng/mL for carvedilol, enalaprilat and perindoprilat. The DBS assay was validated over a range of 1.00–200 ng/mL for the three analytes. The DBS assays were correlated with plasma concentrations in a pilot intensive pharmacokinetic study of six patients. The correlation was determined using Deming regression, with Bland–Altman analysis used to establish agreement between observed and calculated plasma concentrations. Calculated plasma concentrations were obtained using the Deming regression equations describing the relationship between DBS and plasma concentrations. Results: Accuracy, precision, selec…
author: Joubert, André
keywords: carvedilol, enalapril, perindopril
date published: 2023
date modified: 2026-07-24T01:33:42Z
provider: University of Cape Town
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Division of Clinical Pharmacology

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/38499