{"id":{"repo_id":"cape-town","oai_identifier":"oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/37397"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cape-town/oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/37397","repository":{"repo_id":"cape-town","name":"University of Cape Town","base_url":"https://open.uct.ac.za/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Assessment of the interobserver and the intra observer reproducibility for the detection of renal cortical defects in adults and children using [99mtc]Tc-MAG3","abstract":"Objectives: One can assess cortical defects on the early images of [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 renography. We aim to assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility for detecting renal cortical defects using [ 99mTc]Tc-MAG3 for adults and children; identify causes for poor inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and to assess the effect of the kidney to background ratio (KTBR) on reproducibility. Methods: A 100 adult and 200 paediatric renograms were included. The observers reviewed the summed 1- min posterior images for the first four minutes to detect cortical defects. Interobserver reproducibility between three observers and intra-observer reproducibility for two observers were determined. Agreement was tested using percentage agreement, Krippendorff's reliability coefficient alpha and Cohen's kappa statistic. The association between KTBR and agreement was assessed. Results: Interobserver agreement on the 1-2 minute images was 78 (95% CI: 74.8 - 82.7%) and 79.7 (95% CI: 75.9 - 83.5%) for left and right kidneys respectively. Intraobserver percentage was 89.7% (95% CI: 86.2 - 93.1%) for the senior and 80.7% (95% CI: 76.2 - 85.2%) for the junior observer. In 13.5% (27) of the adult and 4.5% (19) of the paediatric kidneys the difference in image interpretation between the observers would have had a clinical impact. If the KTBR is ≤ 2, the percentage agreement was between 61.5% and 64.8%. In cases with a KTBR > 2, the percentage agreement was between 83.6% and 87.1%. Conclusion: The percentage interobserver agreement was moderate. Disagreement between normal and abnormal cases were infrequent. The interobserver reproducibility was decreased when the KTBR was ≤ 2.","abstract_html":"Objectives: One can assess cortical defects on the early images of [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 renography. We aim to assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility for detecting renal cortical defects using [ 99mTc]Tc-MAG3 for adults and children; identify causes for poor inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and to assess the effect of the kidney to background ratio (KTBR) on reproducibility. Methods: A 100 adult and 200 paediatric renograms were included. The observers reviewed the summed 1- min posterior images for the first four minutes to detect cortical defects. Interobserver reproducibility between three observers and intra-observer reproducibility for two observers were determined. Agreement was tested using percentage agreement, Krippendorff's reliability coefficient alpha and Cohen's kappa statistic. The association between KTBR and agreement was assessed. Results: Interobserver agreement on the 1-2 minute images was 78 (95% CI: 74.8 - 82.7%) and 79.7 (95% CI: 75.9 - 83.5%) for left and right kidneys respectively. Intraobserver percentage was 89.7% (95% CI: 86.2 - 93.1%) for the senior and 80.7% (95% CI: 76.2 - 85.2%) for the junior observer. In 13.5% (27) of the adult and 4.5% (19) of the paediatric kidneys the difference in image interpretation between the observers would have had a clinical impact. If the KTBR is ≤ 2, the percentage agreement was between 61.5% and 64.8%. In cases with a KTBR > 2, the percentage agreement was between 83.6% and 87.1%. Conclusion: The percentage interobserver agreement was moderate. Disagreement between normal and abnormal cases were infrequent. The interobserver reproducibility was decreased when the KTBR was ≤ 2.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hashlan, Mohammed Hussain"],"institution":"Division of Radiology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Brink, Anita"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022","date_published":"2022","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:26Z","subjects":["Nuclear Medicine"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11427/37397","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Brink, Anita"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hashlan, Mohammed Hussain"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2023-03-13T11:54:36Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2023-03-13T11:54:36Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2022"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Division of Radiology"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Master Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Masters","MMed"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Nuclear Medicine"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/37397"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Objectives: One can assess cortical defects on the early images of [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 renography. We aim to assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility for detecting renal cortical defects using [ 99mTc]Tc-MAG3 for adults and children; identify causes for poor inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and to assess the effect of the kidney to background ratio (KTBR) on reproducibility. Methods: A 100 adult and 200 paediatric renograms were included. The observers reviewed the summed 1- min posterior images for the first four minutes to detect cortical defects. Interobserver reproducibility between three observers and intra-observer reproducibility for two observers were determined. Agreement was tested using percentage agreement, Krippendorff's reliability coefficient alpha and Cohen's kappa statistic. The association between KTBR and agreement was assessed. Results: Interobserver agreement on the 1-2 minute images was 78 (95% CI: 74.8 - 82.7%) and 79.7 (95% CI: 75.9 - 83.5%) for left and right kidneys respectively. Intraobserver percentage was 89.7% (95% CI: 86.2 - 93.1%) for the senior and 80.7% (95% CI: 76.2 - 85.2%) for the junior observer. In 13.5% (27) of the adult and 4.5% (19) of the paediatric kidneys the difference in image interpretation between the observers would have had a clinical impact. If the KTBR is ≤ 2, the percentage agreement was between 61.5% and 64.8%. In cases with a KTBR > 2, the percentage agreement was between 83.6% and 87.1%. Conclusion: The percentage interobserver agreement was moderate. Disagreement between normal and abnormal cases were infrequent. The interobserver reproducibility was decreased when the KTBR was ≤ 2."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Assessment of the interobserver and the intra observer reproducibility for the detection of renal cortical defects in adults and children using [99mtc]Tc-MAG3"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Brink, Anita"],"dc:creator":["Hashlan, Mohammed Hussain"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2023-03-13T11:54:36Z"],"dc:date.available":["2023-03-13T11:54:36Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2022"],"dc:description.abstract":["Objectives: One can assess cortical defects on the early images of [99mTc]Tc-MAG3 renography. We aim to assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility for detecting renal cortical defects using [ 99mTc]Tc-MAG3 for adults and children; identify causes for poor inter- and intraobserver reproducibility and to assess the effect of the kidney to background ratio (KTBR) on reproducibility. Methods: A 100 adult and 200 paediatric renograms were included. The observers reviewed the summed 1- min posterior images for the first four minutes to detect cortical defects. Interobserver reproducibility between three observers and intra-observer reproducibility for two observers were determined. Agreement was tested using percentage agreement, Krippendorff's reliability coefficient alpha and Cohen's kappa statistic. The association between KTBR and agreement was assessed. Results: Interobserver agreement on the 1-2 minute images was 78 (95% CI: 74.8 - 82.7%) and 79.7 (95% CI: 75.9 - 83.5%) for left and right kidneys respectively. Intraobserver percentage was 89.7% (95% CI: 86.2 - 93.1%) for the senior and 80.7% (95% CI: 76.2 - 85.2%) for the junior observer. In 13.5% (27) of the adult and 4.5% (19) of the paediatric kidneys the difference in image interpretation between the observers would have had a clinical impact. If the KTBR is ≤ 2, the percentage agreement was between 61.5% and 64.8%. In cases with a KTBR > 2, the percentage agreement was between 83.6% and 87.1%. Conclusion: The percentage interobserver agreement was moderate. Disagreement between normal and abnormal cases were infrequent. The interobserver reproducibility was decreased when the KTBR was ≤ 2."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/37397"],"dc:publisher.department":["Division of Radiology"],"dc:subject":["Nuclear Medicine"],"dc:title":["Assessment of the interobserver and the intra observer reproducibility for the detection of renal cortical defects in adults and children using [99mtc]Tc-MAG3"],"dc:type":["Master Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Masters","MMed"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:26Z"}