{"id":{"repo_id":"cape-town","oai_identifier":"oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/36200"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cape-town/oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/36200","repository":{"repo_id":"cape-town","name":"University of Cape Town","base_url":"https://open.uct.ac.za/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Is the Adams D-15 colour vision test a sensitive screening tool for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy? A retrospective case series","abstract":"Background: Ethambutol hydrochloride and linezolid are commonly used anti-tuberculous agents. Both agents can cause potentially blinding toxic optic neuropathy. Currently there is no low-cost, sensitive screening tool to detect early toxicity before permanent vision loss has occurred. Purpose: To evaluate the ability of the Adams D-15 colour vision test to detect early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 15 patients who were screened for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced toxic optic neuropathy. At screening and follow-up visits, a detailed clinical history was taken, a standard of care examination performed and a battery of side-room investigations conducted, including: Farnsworth Munsell D15 (FM D15) and Adams D15 colour vision tests, retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL-OCT) and a Humphrey visual field 24-2 (HVF 24-2). According to the results of these tests, the patients were classified into 3 groups: “No toxicity”, “Uncertain toxicity” or “Confirmed toxicity”. Results: Six patients were classified as “No toxicity”, 3 were “Uncertain toxicity” and 6 were classified as “Confirmed toxicity”. The Adams D15 showed a sensitivity of 100% for detecting a toxic optic neuropathy. Conclusion: The Adams D15 is a sensitive screening tool for the detection of early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy.","abstract_html":"Background: Ethambutol hydrochloride and linezolid are commonly used anti-tuberculous agents. Both agents can cause potentially blinding toxic optic neuropathy. Currently there is no low-cost, sensitive screening tool to detect early toxicity before permanent vision loss has occurred. Purpose: To evaluate the ability of the Adams D-15 colour vision test to detect early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 15 patients who were screened for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced toxic optic neuropathy. At screening and follow-up visits, a detailed clinical history was taken, a standard of care examination performed and a battery of side-room investigations conducted, including: Farnsworth Munsell D15 (FM D15) and Adams D15 colour vision tests, retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL-OCT) and a Humphrey visual field 24-2 (HVF 24-2). According to the results of these tests, the patients were classified into 3 groups: “No toxicity”, “Uncertain toxicity” or “Confirmed toxicity”. Results: Six patients were classified as “No toxicity”, 3 were “Uncertain toxicity” and 6 were classified as “Confirmed toxicity”. The Adams D15 showed a sensitivity of 100% for detecting a toxic optic neuropathy. Conclusion: The Adams D15 is a sensitive screening tool for the detection of early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Van der Merwe, Pieter Jacobus Stephanus"],"institution":"Division of General Surgery","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Tinley, Christopher"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021","date_published":"2021","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:22:43Z","subjects":["Ophthalmology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36200","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Tinley, Christopher"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Van der Merwe, Pieter Jacobus Stephanus"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2022-03-22T10:36:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-03-22T10:36:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2021"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Division of General Surgery"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Master Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Masters","MMed"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Ophthalmology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36200"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Background: Ethambutol hydrochloride and linezolid are commonly used anti-tuberculous agents. Both agents can cause potentially blinding toxic optic neuropathy. Currently there is no low-cost, sensitive screening tool to detect early toxicity before permanent vision loss has occurred. Purpose: To evaluate the ability of the Adams D-15 colour vision test to detect early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 15 patients who were screened for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced toxic optic neuropathy. At screening and follow-up visits, a detailed clinical history was taken, a standard of care examination performed and a battery of side-room investigations conducted, including: Farnsworth Munsell D15 (FM D15) and Adams D15 colour vision tests, retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL-OCT) and a Humphrey visual field 24-2 (HVF 24-2). According to the results of these tests, the patients were classified into 3 groups: “No toxicity”, “Uncertain toxicity” or “Confirmed toxicity”. Results: Six patients were classified as “No toxicity”, 3 were “Uncertain toxicity” and 6 were classified as “Confirmed toxicity”. The Adams D15 showed a sensitivity of 100% for detecting a toxic optic neuropathy. Conclusion: The Adams D15 is a sensitive screening tool for the detection of early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Is the Adams D-15 colour vision test a sensitive screening tool for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy? A retrospective case series"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Tinley, Christopher"],"dc:creator":["Van der Merwe, Pieter Jacobus Stephanus"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2022-03-22T10:36:17Z"],"dc:date.available":["2022-03-22T10:36:17Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2021"],"dc:description.abstract":["Background: Ethambutol hydrochloride and linezolid are commonly used anti-tuberculous agents. Both agents can cause potentially blinding toxic optic neuropathy. Currently there is no low-cost, sensitive screening tool to detect early toxicity before permanent vision loss has occurred. Purpose: To evaluate the ability of the Adams D-15 colour vision test to detect early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of 15 patients who were screened for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced toxic optic neuropathy. At screening and follow-up visits, a detailed clinical history was taken, a standard of care examination performed and a battery of side-room investigations conducted, including: Farnsworth Munsell D15 (FM D15) and Adams D15 colour vision tests, retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL-OCT) and a Humphrey visual field 24-2 (HVF 24-2). According to the results of these tests, the patients were classified into 3 groups: “No toxicity”, “Uncertain toxicity” or “Confirmed toxicity”. Results: Six patients were classified as “No toxicity”, 3 were “Uncertain toxicity” and 6 were classified as “Confirmed toxicity”. The Adams D15 showed a sensitivity of 100% for detecting a toxic optic neuropathy. Conclusion: The Adams D15 is a sensitive screening tool for the detection of early ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/36200"],"dc:publisher.department":["Division of General Surgery"],"dc:subject":["Ophthalmology"],"dc:title":["Is the Adams D-15 colour vision test a sensitive screening tool for ethambutol- and linezolid-induced optic neuropathy? A retrospective case series"],"dc:type":["Master Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Masters","MMed"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:22:43Z"}