{"id":{"repo_id":"cape-town","oai_identifier":"oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/31661"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cape-town/oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/31661","repository":{"repo_id":"cape-town","name":"University of Cape Town","base_url":"https://open.uct.ac.za/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Duane's retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children a 20 year clinic based review","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features of Duane’s retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children and analyse subtypes for ethnic differences. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 120 patients seen in the period from 1997 to 2017 at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients, Type 1 was present in 76 (64%) of cases, with Type 2 in 27 (23%) and Type 3 in 16 (13%).Type 2 was most common in black children (54%), while Type 1 predominated in mixed race (68%) and white children (94%). A female predominance was seen in white children (69%) and mixed race children (59%), while there was a male predominance amongst black children (62.5%) Left involvement was the most common (44%), followed by right (41%) and bilateral involvement (14%).The average age of presentation was 2,85 years. A positive family history of squints or Duane’s was present in 6 (0,5%). Congenital systemic abnormalities were present in 12 (1%) and congenital ocular abnormalities in 2 (0.4%). Squint in primary position was present in 57 (46%), of which 39% had esotropia and 61% exotropia. Squint was more common in black children (71%) than in mixed race (39.4%) and white children (41%). An abnormal head position was present in 59 (50%) and was most common in Type 2 (67%). Up and downshoots were seen in 58 (48.3%). Ametropia was found in 94 (79%), and of these 88 (93,6%) were hyperopic and 6 (6.4%) myopic. Amblyopia was present in 15 (12.5%). Surgery was performed in 41(34%). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to provide robust data on the profile of paediatric DRS in the 3 main South African ethnic groups, and shows clear ethnic differences in DRS. In black patients, males are more often affected, the proportion with Type 2 DRS is more frequent, and surgery is required more often. Further population-based studies on the epidemiology of DRS in children are needed to clarify the role of race as a potential risk factor.","abstract_html":"OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features of Duane’s retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children and analyse subtypes for ethnic differences. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 120 patients seen in the period from 1997 to 2017 at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients, Type 1 was present in 76 (64%) of cases, with Type 2 in 27 (23%) and Type 3 in 16 (13%).Type 2 was most common in black children (54%), while Type 1 predominated in mixed race (68%) and white children (94%). A female predominance was seen in white children (69%) and mixed race children (59%), while there was a male predominance amongst black children (62.5%) Left involvement was the most common (44%), followed by right (41%) and bilateral involvement (14%).The average age of presentation was 2,85 years. A positive family history of squints or Duane’s was present in 6 (0,5%). Congenital systemic abnormalities were present in 12 (1%) and congenital ocular abnormalities in 2 (0.4%). Squint in primary position was present in 57 (46%), of which 39% had esotropia and 61% exotropia. Squint was more common in black children (71%) than in mixed race (39.4%) and white children (41%). An abnormal head position was present in 59 (50%) and was most common in Type 2 (67%). Up and downshoots were seen in 58 (48.3%). Ametropia was found in 94 (79%), and of these 88 (93,6%) were hyperopic and 6 (6.4%) myopic. Amblyopia was present in 15 (12.5%). Surgery was performed in 41(34%). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to provide robust data on the profile of paediatric DRS in the 3 main South African ethnic groups, and shows clear ethnic differences in DRS. In black patients, males are more often affected, the proportion with Type 2 DRS is more frequent, and surgery is required more often. Further population-based studies on the epidemiology of DRS in children are needed to clarify the role of race as a potential risk factor.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Steyn, Anna"],"institution":"Division of Ophthalmology","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Tinley, Christopher"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019","date_published":"2019","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:42Z","subjects":["Ophthalmology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31661","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Tinley, Christopher"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Steyn, Anna"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2020-04-22T22:34:33Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2020-04-22T22:34:33Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2019"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Division of Ophthalmology"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Master Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["MMed"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Ophthalmology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31661"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features of Duane’s retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children and analyse subtypes for ethnic differences. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 120 patients seen in the period from 1997 to 2017 at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients, Type 1 was present in 76 (64%) of cases, with Type 2 in 27 (23%) and Type 3 in 16 (13%).Type 2 was most common in black children (54%), while Type 1 predominated in mixed race (68%) and white children (94%). A female predominance was seen in white children (69%) and mixed race children (59%), while there was a male predominance amongst black children (62.5%) Left involvement was the most common (44%), followed by right (41%) and bilateral involvement (14%).The average age of presentation was 2,85 years. A positive family history of squints or Duane’s was present in 6 (0,5%). Congenital systemic abnormalities were present in 12 (1%) and congenital ocular abnormalities in 2 (0.4%). Squint in primary position was present in 57 (46%), of which 39% had esotropia and 61% exotropia. Squint was more common in black children (71%) than in mixed race (39.4%) and white children (41%). An abnormal head position was present in 59 (50%) and was most common in Type 2 (67%). Up and downshoots were seen in 58 (48.3%). Ametropia was found in 94 (79%), and of these 88 (93,6%) were hyperopic and 6 (6.4%) myopic. Amblyopia was present in 15 (12.5%). Surgery was performed in 41(34%). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to provide robust data on the profile of paediatric DRS in the 3 main South African ethnic groups, and shows clear ethnic differences in DRS. In black patients, males are more often affected, the proportion with Type 2 DRS is more frequent, and surgery is required more often. Further population-based studies on the epidemiology of DRS in children are needed to clarify the role of race as a potential risk factor."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Duane's retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children a 20 year clinic based review"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Tinley, Christopher"],"dc:creator":["Steyn, Anna"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2020-04-22T22:34:33Z"],"dc:date.available":["2020-04-22T22:34:33Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2019"],"dc:description.abstract":["OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features of Duane’s retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children and analyse subtypes for ethnic differences. METHODS: Retrospective case series of 120 patients seen in the period from 1997 to 2017 at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital. RESULTS: Of the 120 patients, Type 1 was present in 76 (64%) of cases, with Type 2 in 27 (23%) and Type 3 in 16 (13%).Type 2 was most common in black children (54%), while Type 1 predominated in mixed race (68%) and white children (94%). A female predominance was seen in white children (69%) and mixed race children (59%), while there was a male predominance amongst black children (62.5%) Left involvement was the most common (44%), followed by right (41%) and bilateral involvement (14%).The average age of presentation was 2,85 years. A positive family history of squints or Duane’s was present in 6 (0,5%). Congenital systemic abnormalities were present in 12 (1%) and congenital ocular abnormalities in 2 (0.4%). Squint in primary position was present in 57 (46%), of which 39% had esotropia and 61% exotropia. Squint was more common in black children (71%) than in mixed race (39.4%) and white children (41%). An abnormal head position was present in 59 (50%) and was most common in Type 2 (67%). Up and downshoots were seen in 58 (48.3%). Ametropia was found in 94 (79%), and of these 88 (93,6%) were hyperopic and 6 (6.4%) myopic. Amblyopia was present in 15 (12.5%). Surgery was performed in 41(34%). CONCLUSION: This study is the first to provide robust data on the profile of paediatric DRS in the 3 main South African ethnic groups, and shows clear ethnic differences in DRS. In black patients, males are more often affected, the proportion with Type 2 DRS is more frequent, and surgery is required more often. Further population-based studies on the epidemiology of DRS in children are needed to clarify the role of race as a potential risk factor."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31661"],"dc:publisher.department":["Division of Ophthalmology"],"dc:subject":["Ophthalmology"],"dc:title":["Duane's retraction syndrome in a cohort of South African children a 20 year clinic based review"],"dc:type":["Master Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Masters"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["MMed"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:42Z"}