{"id":{"repo_id":"cape-town","oai_identifier":"oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/18805"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cape-town/oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/18805","repository":{"repo_id":"cape-town","name":"University of Cape Town","base_url":"https://open.uct.ac.za/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Metal ion cages with stabilized conformations : synthesis, characterization and properties","abstract":"The stabilized conformers lel₃, lel₂ob, ob₂lel and ob₃ of the [Co(±pn)₃]³⁺ system have previously been synthesized giving relative equilibrium (100 °C) amounts of 35.0 : 41.1 : 18.0 : 4.0. With the recent encapsulation of the resolved lel₃-[Co(pn)₃₋]Cl₃ complexes, and their subsequent interconversion to the ob₃-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ diastereomers, the synthesis of the lel₂ob and ob₂lel cage complexes is a necessity to complete the investigation of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ system. Consequently the eight Δ, Λ isomers of the lel₂ob-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ complex were synthesised in a one pot reaction and resolved into the respective isomers having the following relative yields: lel₂ob-1 (~ 24% ), lel₂ob-2 ( ~ 43% ), lel₂ob-3 ( ~ 28%) and lel₂ob-4 (~ 5%). The resolution order of these isomers on SP Sephadex C-25 was used to tentatively identify the (3 mer and 1 fac) geometrical isomers of these lel₂ob diastereomers. For the first time ob character was directly encapsulated with the synthesis of the ob₂lel-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ conformers ( ~ 1 % ). NMR analysis showed these to consist almost entirely (80%) of the ob₂lel-1 isomer. The geometry of this isomer was later discovered to be most favourable when the lel₂ob-1 isomer gave a 50% conversion to the ob₂lel-1 isomer, unlike the poor conversions of the ob₂lel-2 (~ 5%) and the ob₂lel-3 (~ 15%). The electronic spectra (UV /VIS and CD) of the individual isomers were investigated and revealed the presence of large distortion of the CoN₆ chromophore from regular Oh geometry. This was confirmed by the crystal structural analysis of the lel₂ob-2 isomer which reveal a trigonal twist angle (ф) of ~ 45°. The crystal structure also proved the identification logic right, which was based on the relation between chemical and resolution order evidence. The infrared spectra of [Co(NH₃)₂-sar]⁵⁺ ion was analysed using isotopic labelling methods in combination with the results of group theory calculations. These assignments make it possible to study the spectra of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ isomeric complexes. Comparison of the infrared spectra of these complexes reflect the increase in number of bands on progressing from D₃, through C₃ to C₁ symmetry. Even the orientation of methyl groups in the different conformer types affect the symmetry of the CoN₆ core.","abstract_html":"The stabilized conformers lel₃, lel₂ob, ob₂lel and ob₃ of the [Co(±pn)₃]³⁺ system have previously been synthesized giving relative equilibrium (100 °C) amounts of 35.0 : 41.1 : 18.0 : 4.0. With the recent encapsulation of the resolved lel₃-[Co(pn)₃₋]Cl₃ complexes, and their subsequent interconversion to the ob₃-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ diastereomers, the synthesis of the lel₂ob and ob₂lel cage complexes is a necessity to complete the investigation of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ system. Consequently the eight Δ, Λ isomers of the lel₂ob-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ complex were synthesised in a one pot reaction and resolved into the respective isomers having the following relative yields: lel₂ob-1 (~ 24% ), lel₂ob-2 ( ~ 43% ), lel₂ob-3 ( ~ 28%) and lel₂ob-4 (~ 5%). The resolution order of these isomers on SP Sephadex C-25 was used to tentatively identify the (3 mer and 1 fac) geometrical isomers of these lel₂ob diastereomers. For the first time ob character was directly encapsulated with the synthesis of the ob₂lel-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ conformers ( ~ 1 % ). NMR analysis showed these to consist almost entirely (80%) of the ob₂lel-1 isomer. The geometry of this isomer was later discovered to be most favourable when the lel₂ob-1 isomer gave a 50% conversion to the ob₂lel-1 isomer, unlike the poor conversions of the ob₂lel-2 (~ 5%) and the ob₂lel-3 (~ 15%). The electronic spectra (UV /VIS and CD) of the individual isomers were investigated and revealed the presence of large distortion of the CoN₆ chromophore from regular Oh geometry. This was confirmed by the crystal structural analysis of the lel₂ob-2 isomer which reveal a trigonal twist angle (ф) of ~ 45°. The crystal structure also proved the identification logic right, which was based on the relation between chemical and resolution order evidence. The infrared spectra of [Co(NH₃)₂-sar]⁵⁺ ion was analysed using isotopic labelling methods in combination with the results of group theory calculations. These assignments make it possible to study the spectra of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ isomeric complexes. Comparison of the infrared spectra of these complexes reflect the increase in number of bands on progressing from D₃, through C₃ to C₁ symmetry. Even the orientation of methyl groups in the different conformer types affect the symmetry of the CoN₆ core.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Naidoo, Kevin Jonathan"],"institution":"Department of Chemistry","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Hendry, Tony","Thornton, David A"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1989,"date_issued":"1989","date_published":"1989","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:29Z","subjects":[],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18805","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Hendry, Tony","Thornton, David A"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Naidoo, Kevin Jonathan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-04-12T09:37:46Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-04-12T09:37:46Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1989"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Department of Chemistry"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Cape Town"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Master Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Masters"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["MSc"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18805"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The stabilized conformers lel₃, lel₂ob, ob₂lel and ob₃ of the [Co(±pn)₃]³⁺ system have previously been synthesized giving relative equilibrium (100 °C) amounts of 35.0 : 41.1 : 18.0 : 4.0. With the recent encapsulation of the resolved lel₃-[Co(pn)₃₋]Cl₃ complexes, and their subsequent interconversion to the ob₃-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ diastereomers, the synthesis of the lel₂ob and ob₂lel cage complexes is a necessity to complete the investigation of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ system. Consequently the eight Δ, Λ isomers of the lel₂ob-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ complex were synthesised in a one pot reaction and resolved into the respective isomers having the following relative yields: lel₂ob-1 (~ 24% ), lel₂ob-2 ( ~ 43% ), lel₂ob-3 ( ~ 28%) and lel₂ob-4 (~ 5%). The resolution order of these isomers on SP Sephadex C-25 was used to tentatively identify the (3 mer and 1 fac) geometrical isomers of these lel₂ob diastereomers. For the first time ob character was directly encapsulated with the synthesis of the ob₂lel-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ conformers ( ~ 1 % ). NMR analysis showed these to consist almost entirely (80%) of the ob₂lel-1 isomer. The geometry of this isomer was later discovered to be most favourable when the lel₂ob-1 isomer gave a 50% conversion to the ob₂lel-1 isomer, unlike the poor conversions of the ob₂lel-2 (~ 5%) and the ob₂lel-3 (~ 15%). The electronic spectra (UV /VIS and CD) of the individual isomers were investigated and revealed the presence of large distortion of the CoN₆ chromophore from regular Oh geometry. This was confirmed by the crystal structural analysis of the lel₂ob-2 isomer which reveal a trigonal twist angle (ф) of ~ 45°. The crystal structure also proved the identification logic right, which was based on the relation between chemical and resolution order evidence. The infrared spectra of [Co(NH₃)₂-sar]⁵⁺ ion was analysed using isotopic labelling methods in combination with the results of group theory calculations. These assignments make it possible to study the spectra of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ isomeric complexes. Comparison of the infrared spectra of these complexes reflect the increase in number of bands on progressing from D₃, through C₃ to C₁ symmetry. Even the orientation of methyl groups in the different conformer types affect the symmetry of the CoN₆ core."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Metal ion cages with stabilized conformations : synthesis, characterization and properties"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Hendry, Tony","Thornton, David A"],"dc:creator":["Naidoo, Kevin Jonathan"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-04-12T09:37:46Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-04-12T09:37:46Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1989"],"dc:description.abstract":["The stabilized conformers lel₃, lel₂ob, ob₂lel and ob₃ of the [Co(±pn)₃]³⁺ system have previously been synthesized giving relative equilibrium (100 °C) amounts of 35.0 : 41.1 : 18.0 : 4.0. With the recent encapsulation of the resolved lel₃-[Co(pn)₃₋]Cl₃ complexes, and their subsequent interconversion to the ob₃-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ diastereomers, the synthesis of the lel₂ob and ob₂lel cage complexes is a necessity to complete the investigation of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ system. Consequently the eight Δ, Λ isomers of the lel₂ob-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ complex were synthesised in a one pot reaction and resolved into the respective isomers having the following relative yields: lel₂ob-1 (~ 24% ), lel₂ob-2 ( ~ 43% ), lel₂ob-3 ( ~ 28%) and lel₂ob-4 (~ 5%). The resolution order of these isomers on SP Sephadex C-25 was used to tentatively identify the (3 mer and 1 fac) geometrical isomers of these lel₂ob diastereomers. For the first time ob character was directly encapsulated with the synthesis of the ob₂lel-[Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]Cl₅ conformers ( ~ 1 % ). NMR analysis showed these to consist almost entirely (80%) of the ob₂lel-1 isomer. The geometry of this isomer was later discovered to be most favourable when the lel₂ob-1 isomer gave a 50% conversion to the ob₂lel-1 isomer, unlike the poor conversions of the ob₂lel-2 (~ 5%) and the ob₂lel-3 (~ 15%). The electronic spectra (UV /VIS and CD) of the individual isomers were investigated and revealed the presence of large distortion of the CoN₆ chromophore from regular Oh geometry. This was confirmed by the crystal structural analysis of the lel₂ob-2 isomer which reveal a trigonal twist angle (ф) of ~ 45°. The crystal structure also proved the identification logic right, which was based on the relation between chemical and resolution order evidence. The infrared spectra of [Co(NH₃)₂-sar]⁵⁺ ion was analysed using isotopic labelling methods in combination with the results of group theory calculations. These assignments make it possible to study the spectra of the [Co(NH₃)₂-pnsar]⁵⁺ isomeric complexes. Comparison of the infrared spectra of these complexes reflect the increase in number of bands on progressing from D₃, through C₃ to C₁ symmetry. Even the orientation of methyl groups in the different conformer types affect the symmetry of the CoN₆ core."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18805"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher.department":["Department of Chemistry"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Cape Town"],"dc:title":["Metal ion cages with stabilized conformations : synthesis, characterization and properties"],"dc:type":["Master Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Masters"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["MSc"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:29Z"}