Gender, livelihoods and conservation in Hluleka, Mpondoland c.1920 to the present : land, forests and marine resources
This thesis focuses on the Ngqeleni district of Mpondoland and particularly on the communities living adjacent to the Hluleka Nature Reserve from c. 1920 to the present. It aims to discuss the history of conservation in the area and the relationship of the local community and its leaders to conservation authorities. It seeks to demonstrate that conservation, both terrestrial and marine is experienced in different ways by men and women who consequently respond to the authorities in different ways. More particularly, it suggests that conservation both past and present has tended to be top-down and has failed to anticipate the effect of state measures on local livelihood strategies.
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