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University of Cambridge

Linking cleaning performance to fluid flow via model soils

Abstract

dc:description.abstract

Effective cleaning is a critical industrial process aimed at minimising cross-contamination in the production of food, beverages, and pharmaceutical products by removing unwanted deposits or soils. However, accurately predicting cleaning performance remains challenging due to limited understanding of the fundamental interactions between fluids and soils that govern the cleaning process. In this study, three different flow configurations that simulate typical industrial flow characteristics were investigated: a radial flow cell, a slit flow cleaning cell and a backward-facing step. Despite their geometric simplicity, these configurations often exhibit complex flow features such as turbulence and recirculation zones, which have significant impacts on the cleanability of the processing equipment and the kinetics of soil removal. Instant coffee was identified as a suitable soluble model soil for the experiments, with thin, dry layers of soil prepared using softened water as the cleaning fluid. While these layers were generally flat in the centre, they formed raised edges at the periphery. Cleaning experiments were conducted for each configuration, and kinetic data were collected. A fundamental zeroth-order kinetic model for the soluble soil was developed, showing strong agreement with experimental results and accurately predicting soil thickness profiles. A computational modelling approach was developed that assumed the flow field and mass transport are decoupled. The soluble soil was modelled as a boundary condition using the species transport model to simulate the pseudo-steady-state behaviour of the transient process, rather than employing conventional multiphase flow simulations. Previous work using this approach, which relied on experimentally fitted model parameters, showed reasonable agreement in some cases. To improve accuracy, an enhanced model incorporating experimentally measured parameters was developed to evaluate whether it could more reliably predict cleaning performance. The findings indicate that while accurate predictions can be achieved using a cost-effective modelling approach that simplifies the geometry by utilising 2D rather than 3D simulations, this approach often requires high mesh resolution near the wall to accurately capture the cleaning dynamics.

Degree

thesis:*
Name dc:type.qualificationname
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Level dc:type.qualificationlevel
Doctoral
Grantor dc:publisher.institution
University of Cambridge
Year dc:date.issued
2024

Author and committee

dc:creator, dc:contributor.*
Author dc:creator
  • Deshmukh, Karthikeya Prashant
Advisor dc:contributor.advisor
  • Wilson, David Ian

Subjects

dc:subject × 8

Rights

dc:rights
Language dc:language
eng

Identifiers

dc:identifier.*
DOI dc:identifier.doi
https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.116594
OAI identifier oai:identifier
oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/381395

Chain of custody

source
Harvested from
Cambridge University
Base URL
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Last updated
2026-07-22
Source record
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citation

Deshmukh, Karthikeya Prashant. Linking cleaning performance to fluid flow via model soils. Doctoral thesis, University of Cambridge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.116594