{"id":{"repo_id":"cambridge","oai_identifier":"oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/335051"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cambridge/oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/335051","repository":{"repo_id":"cambridge","name":"Cambridge University","base_url":"https://api.repository.cam.ac.uk/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Water stability of organic and electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors","abstract":"Organic bioelectronics is an emerging field that utilizes electronic devices made from a large family of aromatic compounds (conjugated polymers and small molecules) for biological applications. Organic materials seem ideal candidates for bioelectronics due to their softness, biocompatibility, stretchability, and their ability to conduct both electrons and ions. Many fundamental studies have been conducted, utilizing devices such as the Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET), the Electrolyte-Gated OFET (EG-OFET), and the Organic Electro-Chemical Transistor (OECT). However, water constitutes a key factor in charge trapping and device degradation in organic materials, due to its strong dipole moment, high dielectric constant, and its omnipresence in almost all processing, environmental, and operational conditions. In this dissertation, we used an additives-based approach to stabilize OFETs immersed in DI water and saline solution, for periods up to a month, making the first high-performance water-stable OFETs reported in the literature. We then repeated the long-term water stability experiments on EG-OFETs, and demonstrated that cleanly fabricated EG-OFETs can remain stable within the course of an overnight measurement (16 hours), without needing the additive stabilization process. By comparing the water stability of OFETs and EG-OFETs, we highlighted the different requirements involved in stabilizing these two architectures, challenging the notion that organic materials are intrinsically unstable in water.","abstract_html":"Organic bioelectronics is an emerging field that utilizes electronic devices made from a large family of aromatic compounds (conjugated polymers and small molecules) for biological applications. Organic materials seem ideal candidates for bioelectronics due to their softness, biocompatibility, stretchability, and their ability to conduct both electrons and ions. Many fundamental studies have been conducted, utilizing devices such as the Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET), the Electrolyte-Gated OFET (EG-OFET), and the Organic Electro-Chemical Transistor (OECT). However, water constitutes a key factor in charge trapping and device degradation in organic materials, due to its strong dipole moment, high dielectric constant, and its omnipresence in almost all processing, environmental, and operational conditions. In this dissertation, we used an additives-based approach to stabilize OFETs immersed in DI water and saline solution, for periods up to a month, making the first high-performance water-stable OFETs reported in the literature. We then repeated the long-term water stability experiments on EG-OFETs, and demonstrated that cleanly fabricated EG-OFETs can remain stable within the course of an overnight measurement (16 hours), without needing the additive stabilization process. By comparing the water stability of OFETs and EG-OFETs, we highlighted the different requirements involved in stabilizing these two architectures, challenging the notion that organic materials are intrinsically unstable in water.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Simatos, Dimitrios"],"institution":"University of Cambridge","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Sirringhaus, Henning","Knowles, Tuomas"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-03-15","date_published":"2022-03-15","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:24:00Z","subjects":["Conjugated polymers","Organic semiconductors","Organic electronics","Organic bioelectronics","Biosensors","Lab on a chip","Microfluidics","Stability","Water stability","Additives","Contaminants","Leachables","Extractables","IDTBT","PBTTT","P3HT","F4TCNQ","F2TCNQ","TCNQ","BDOPV","Ultrapure water","DI water","Saline solution"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:creator.authoridentifier","label":"Author Identifier","values":["0000000303009249"],"render_values":[{"text":"0000-0003-0300-9249","href":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-9249","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.82491","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.doi"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Sirringhaus, Henning","Knowles, Tuomas"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.sponsor","label":"Sponsor","values":["D. 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Organic materials seem ideal candidates for bioelectronics due to their softness, biocompatibility, stretchability, and their ability to conduct both electrons and ions. Many fundamental studies have been conducted, utilizing devices such as the Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET), the Electrolyte-Gated OFET (EG-OFET), and the Organic Electro-Chemical Transistor (OECT). However, water constitutes a key factor in charge trapping and device degradation in organic materials, due to its strong dipole moment, high dielectric constant, and its omnipresence in almost all processing, environmental, and operational conditions. In this dissertation, we used an additives-based approach to stabilize OFETs immersed in DI water and saline solution, for periods up to a month, making the first high-performance water-stable OFETs reported in the literature. We then repeated the long-term water stability experiments on EG-OFETs, and demonstrated that cleanly fabricated EG-OFETs can remain stable within the course of an overnight measurement (16 hours), without needing the additive stabilization process. By comparing the water stability of OFETs and EG-OFETs, we highlighted the different requirements involved in stabilizing these two architectures, challenging the notion that organic materials are intrinsically unstable in water."]},{"key":"dc:format.checksum.md5","label":"Dc Format Checksum Md5","values":["927bf08c0e77692733dc6da2b66a7f08"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Water stability of organic and electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Sirringhaus, Henning","Knowles, Tuomas"],"dc:contributor.sponsor":["D. Simatos acknowledges support from the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Sensor Technologies and Application (EP/L015889/1), as well as support by the Henry Royce Institute facilities grant (EP/P024947/1)."],"dc:creator":["Simatos, Dimitrios"],"dc:creator.authoridentifier":["0000000303009249"],"dc:date.issued":["2022-03-15"],"dc:description.abstract":["Organic bioelectronics is an emerging field that utilizes electronic devices made from a large family of aromatic compounds (conjugated polymers and small molecules) for biological applications. Organic materials seem ideal candidates for bioelectronics due to their softness, biocompatibility, stretchability, and their ability to conduct both electrons and ions. Many fundamental studies have been conducted, utilizing devices such as the Organic Field Effect Transistor (OFET), the Electrolyte-Gated OFET (EG-OFET), and the Organic Electro-Chemical Transistor (OECT). 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