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However, such nanostructures are often studied in the context of a specific function by different communities and rarely intersect. This thesis aims to combine spectroscopic and mechanical analyses of different types of natural nanostructures. My comparisons on spectra and nanomechanics of helicoidally arranged cellulose microfibrils in the cell walls of Pollia condensata fruits shed light on the origin of the chirality assembling in the plant cell walls. By studying the structural colours developed in the close affinity of Pachyrhynchus sarcitis weevils and their first filial generations, I understand the hereditary characteristics of these photonic nanostructures. 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My comparisons on spectra and nanomechanics of helicoidally arranged cellulose microfibrils in the cell walls of Pollia condensata fruits shed light on the origin of the chirality assembling in the plant cell walls. By studying the structural colours developed in the close affinity of Pachyrhynchus sarcitis weevils and their first filial generations, I understand the hereditary characteristics of these photonic nanostructures. 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By studying the structural colours developed in the close affinity of Pachyrhynchus sarcitis weevils and their first filial generations, I understand the hereditary characteristics of these photonic nanostructures. 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