The objectives of this study were to 1) calculate participant-specific segment inertial parameters using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data (referred to as full DXA-driven parameters) and compare the pitching arm kinetic predictions using full DXA-driven inverse dynamics vs scaled, DXA mass-driven (using DXA masses but scaled centers of mass and radii of gyration), and DXA scaled inverse dynamics(ID) (using the full DXA-driven inertial parameters averaged across all participants), 2) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and body mass index (BMI) and 3) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and segment mass index (SMI). Eighteen 10- to 11- year-olds pitched 10 fastballs. DXA scans were conducted and examined to obtain 3D inertial parameters of the upper arm, forearm, and hand. Full DXA-driven and scaled inertial parameters were compared using paired t-tests. Pitching arm kinetic predictions calculated with the four methods (i.e. scaled ID, DXA mass-driven ID, full DXA-driven ID, and DXA scaled ID) were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests. The major results were that 1) full DXA-driven participant specific inertial parameters differed from scaled inertial parameters 2) kinetic predictions significantly varied by method and 3) full DXA-driven ID predictions for shoulder compression force and shoulder internal rotation torque were significantly associated with BMI and/or SMI.
","abstract_html":"<p>The objectives of this study were to 1) calculate participant-specific segment inertial parameters using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data (referred to as full DXA-driven parameters) and compare the pitching arm kinetic predictions using full DXA-driven inverse dynamics vs scaled, DXA mass-driven (using DXA masses but scaled centers of mass and radii of gyration), and DXA scaled inverse dynamics(ID) (using the full DXA-driven inertial parameters averaged across all participants), 2) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and body mass index (BMI) and 3) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and segment mass index (SMI). Eighteen 10- to 11- year-olds pitched 10 fastballs. DXA scans were conducted and examined to obtain 3D inertial parameters of the upper arm, forearm, and hand. Full DXA-driven and scaled inertial parameters were compared using paired t-tests. Pitching arm kinetic predictions calculated with the four methods (i.e. scaled ID, DXA mass-driven ID, full DXA-driven ID, and DXA scaled ID) were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests. The major results were that 1) full DXA-driven participant specific inertial parameters differed from scaled inertial parameters 2) kinetic predictions significantly varied by method and 3) full DXA-driven ID predictions for shoulder compression force and shoulder internal rotation torque were significantly associated with BMI and/or SMI.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Jennings, Dalton James"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS in Biomedical Engineering","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Biomedical and General Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Stephen Klisch","Mechanical Engineering","College of Engineering"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-03-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2020-03-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:50Z","subjects":["baseball","DXA","biomechanics","motion analysis","body mass index","Matlab","Biomechanical Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["10.15368/theses.2020.13"],"render_values":[{"text":"10.15368/theses.2020.13","href":"https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2020.13","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2122","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Stephen Klisch","Mechanical Engineering","College of Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Jennings, Dalton James"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2020-03-12T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biomedical and General Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS in Biomedical Engineering"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["baseball","DXA","biomechanics","motion analysis","body mass index","Matlab","Biomechanical Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2122","10.15368/theses.2020.13"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The objectives of this study were to 1) calculate participant-specific segment inertial parameters using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data (referred to as full DXA-driven parameters) and compare the pitching arm kinetic predictions using full DXA-driven inverse dynamics vs scaled, DXA mass-driven (using DXA masses but scaled centers of mass and radii of gyration), and DXA scaled inverse dynamics(ID) (using the full DXA-driven inertial parameters averaged across all participants), 2) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and body mass index (BMI) and 3) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and segment mass index (SMI). Eighteen 10- to 11- year-olds pitched 10 fastballs. DXA scans were conducted and examined to obtain 3D inertial parameters of the upper arm, forearm, and hand. Full DXA-driven and scaled inertial parameters were compared using paired t-tests. Pitching arm kinetic predictions calculated with the four methods (i.e. scaled ID, DXA mass-driven ID, full DXA-driven ID, and DXA scaled ID) were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests. The major results were that 1) full DXA-driven participant specific inertial parameters differed from scaled inertial parameters 2) kinetic predictions significantly varied by method and 3) full DXA-driven ID predictions for shoulder compression force and shoulder internal rotation torque were significantly associated with BMI and/or SMI.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Use of Body Composition Imaging to Calculate 3-D Inertial Parameters for Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Youth Pitching Arm Kinetics"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Stephen Klisch","Mechanical Engineering","College of Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Jennings, Dalton James"],"dc:date.available":["2020-03-12T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The objectives of this study were to 1) calculate participant-specific segment inertial parameters using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data (referred to as full DXA-driven parameters) and compare the pitching arm kinetic predictions using full DXA-driven inverse dynamics vs scaled, DXA mass-driven (using DXA masses but scaled centers of mass and radii of gyration), and DXA scaled inverse dynamics(ID) (using the full DXA-driven inertial parameters averaged across all participants), 2) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and body mass index (BMI) and 3) examine associations between full DXA-driven kinetics and segment mass index (SMI). Eighteen 10- to 11- year-olds pitched 10 fastballs. DXA scans were conducted and examined to obtain 3D inertial parameters of the upper arm, forearm, and hand. Full DXA-driven and scaled inertial parameters were compared using paired t-tests. Pitching arm kinetic predictions calculated with the four methods (i.e. scaled ID, DXA mass-driven ID, full DXA-driven ID, and DXA scaled ID) were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests. The major results were that 1) full DXA-driven participant specific inertial parameters differed from scaled inertial parameters 2) kinetic predictions significantly varied by method and 3) full DXA-driven ID predictions for shoulder compression force and shoulder internal rotation torque were significantly associated with BMI and/or SMI.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2122","10.15368/theses.2020.13"],"dc:subject":["baseball","DXA","biomechanics","motion analysis","body mass index","Matlab","Biomechanical Engineering"],"dc:title":["Use of Body Composition Imaging to Calculate 3-D Inertial Parameters for Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Youth Pitching Arm Kinetics"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biomedical and General Engineering"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS in Biomedical Engineering"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:50Z"}