Acute indoor concentrations of benzene and ethanol were evaluated in the California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo’s pilot winery workroom. Air samples were collected during four different wine-making activities: fermentation, fermentation with Brix content testing, post-alcoholic fermentation pressing, and storage/finishing. Average workroom benzene concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 mg/m3. Ethanol concentrations in the winery workroom varied with the activity, ranging from 0.9 to 12 mg/m3. Pressing and fermentation with Brix content testing both led to higher indoor ethanol concentrations than fermentation without Brix content testing and storage/finishing.
Tracer gas decay air exchange tests were conducted to determine the air exchange rate of the winery workroom. A single-space mass-balance model was used to estimate the air exchange rate for the entire workroom. The calculated air exchange rates were correlated with wind speeds and wind direction to create a linear model estimating air exchange rates based on wind speed. These air exchange rates and the indoor concentrations of ethanol were used with the single-space mass-balance model to calculate an ethanol emission rate for each activity. Total estimated ethanol emissions for the four activities were 3.1 lbs. ethanol per 1000 gallons of wine produced.
","abstract_html":"<p>Acute indoor concentrations of benzene and ethanol were evaluated in the California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo’s pilot winery workroom. Air samples were collected during four different wine-making activities: fermentation, fermentation with Brix content testing, post-alcoholic fermentation pressing, and storage/finishing. Average workroom benzene concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Ethanol concentrations in the winery workroom varied with the activity, ranging from 0.9 to 12 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Pressing and fermentation with Brix content testing both led to higher indoor ethanol concentrations than fermentation without Brix content testing and storage/finishing.</p> <p>Tracer gas decay air exchange tests were conducted to determine the air exchange rate of the winery workroom. A single-space mass-balance model was used to estimate the air exchange rate for the entire workroom. The calculated air exchange rates were correlated with wind speeds and wind direction to create a linear model estimating air exchange rates based on wind speed. These air exchange rates and the indoor concentrations of ethanol were used with the single-space mass-balance model to calculate an ethanol emission rate for each activity. Total estimated ethanol emissions for the four activities were 3.1 lbs. ethanol per 1000 gallons of wine produced.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kaneda, Andrew I"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS in Civil and Environmental Engineering","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Tracy Thatcher"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-03-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2019-03-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:08Z","subjects":["volatile organic compound","ethanol","benzene","tracer gas decay","air exchange rate","indoor air quality","active sampling","thermal desorption","gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","winery","Environmental Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["10.15368/theses.2019.17"],"render_values":[{"text":"10.15368/theses.2019.17","href":"https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2019.17","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1975","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Tracy Thatcher"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kaneda, Andrew I"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-04-21T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS in Civil and Environmental Engineering"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["volatile organic compound","ethanol","benzene","tracer gas decay","air exchange rate","indoor air quality","active sampling","thermal desorption","gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","winery","Environmental Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1975","10.15368/theses.2019.17"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Acute indoor concentrations of benzene and ethanol were evaluated in the California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo’s pilot winery workroom. Air samples were collected during four different wine-making activities: fermentation, fermentation with Brix content testing, post-alcoholic fermentation pressing, and storage/finishing. Average workroom benzene concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 mg/m3. Ethanol concentrations in the winery workroom varied with the activity, ranging from 0.9 to 12 mg/m3. Pressing and fermentation with Brix content testing both led to higher indoor ethanol concentrations than fermentation without Brix content testing and storage/finishing.
Tracer gas decay air exchange tests were conducted to determine the air exchange rate of the winery workroom. A single-space mass-balance model was used to estimate the air exchange rate for the entire workroom. The calculated air exchange rates were correlated with wind speeds and wind direction to create a linear model estimating air exchange rates based on wind speed. These air exchange rates and the indoor concentrations of ethanol were used with the single-space mass-balance model to calculate an ethanol emission rate for each activity. Total estimated ethanol emissions for the four activities were 3.1 lbs. ethanol per 1000 gallons of wine produced.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Indoor Air Monitoring of Ethanol and Benzene in a Pilot Winery Using Active Sampling"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Tracy Thatcher"],"dc:creator":["Kaneda, Andrew I"],"dc:date.available":["2019-04-21T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Acute indoor concentrations of benzene and ethanol were evaluated in the California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo’s pilot winery workroom. Air samples were collected during four different wine-making activities: fermentation, fermentation with Brix content testing, post-alcoholic fermentation pressing, and storage/finishing. Average workroom benzene concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 mg/m3. Ethanol concentrations in the winery workroom varied with the activity, ranging from 0.9 to 12 mg/m3. Pressing and fermentation with Brix content testing both led to higher indoor ethanol concentrations than fermentation without Brix content testing and storage/finishing.
Tracer gas decay air exchange tests were conducted to determine the air exchange rate of the winery workroom. A single-space mass-balance model was used to estimate the air exchange rate for the entire workroom. The calculated air exchange rates were correlated with wind speeds and wind direction to create a linear model estimating air exchange rates based on wind speed. These air exchange rates and the indoor concentrations of ethanol were used with the single-space mass-balance model to calculate an ethanol emission rate for each activity. Total estimated ethanol emissions for the four activities were 3.1 lbs. ethanol per 1000 gallons of wine produced.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1975","10.15368/theses.2019.17"],"dc:subject":["volatile organic compound","ethanol","benzene","tracer gas decay","air exchange rate","indoor air quality","active sampling","thermal desorption","gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","winery","Environmental Engineering"],"dc:title":["Indoor Air Monitoring of Ethanol and Benzene in a Pilot Winery Using Active Sampling"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS in Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:08Z"}