In food processing, inadequate surface sanitation procedures lead to the formation of biofilms in which bacteria attach and aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis. Formation of these sessile communities and their inherent resistance to existing sanitation procedures and agents are at the root of the risk of bacterial infections for consumers. Due to this existing problem, an effective method for reducing biofilm formation in dairy processing equipment is necessary for dairy products processing. Ultraviolet Pulsed light Technology has shown a positive effect in eliminating microorganism populations on food products. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of Pulsed light Technology on a biofilm of different dairy component matrices (e.g. Water (control); whey protein isolates (WPI), lactose, and sweet whey). This evaluation will be performed using the three strains of spore forming Bacillus species most common in commercial milk powder (B. subtilis, B. coagulans, and B. licheniformis). The matrix in which the evaluation was made consisted on allowing the attachment of endospores to on to a square 2.5cm x 2.5cm ASI 304 stainless steel coupon. Four Xenon light treatment levels (no treatment, 5 bursts, 10 seconds, 20 seconds and 30 seconds) were applied to the coupon surfaces using the Xenon model RC847 machine. The attachment of Bacillus to stainless steel in water as matrix was 1000 to 3000/ sq cm as measured in our laboratory. Results showed that there was a significant difference in spore reduction depending on the matrix of the biofilm and with the intensity of the Xenon treatment. Reduction in spores ranged from 1 to 4.7 logarithmic reduction cycles depending on the material of the biofilm, the strain of spores and the intensity of treatment. We conclude that there is significant potential to use this technology in maintaining low spore counts in commercial dairy powders.
","abstract_html":"<p>In food processing, inadequate surface sanitation procedures lead to the formation of biofilms in which bacteria attach and aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis. Formation of these sessile communities and their inherent resistance to existing sanitation procedures and agents are at the root of the risk of bacterial infections for consumers. Due to this existing problem, an effective method for reducing biofilm formation in dairy processing equipment is necessary for dairy products processing. Ultraviolet Pulsed light Technology has shown a positive effect in eliminating microorganism populations on food products. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of Pulsed light Technology on a biofilm of different dairy component matrices (e.g. Water (control); whey protein isolates (WPI), lactose, and sweet whey). This evaluation will be performed using the three strains of spore forming <em>Bacillus</em> species most common in commercial milk powder (<em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>B. coagulans</em>, and<em> B. licheniformis</em>). The matrix in which the evaluation was made consisted on allowing the attachment of endospores to on to a square 2.5cm x 2.5cm ASI 304 stainless steel coupon. Four Xenon light treatment levels (no treatment, 5 bursts, 10 seconds, 20 seconds and 30 seconds) were applied to the coupon surfaces using the Xenon model RC847 machine. The attachment of <em>Bacillus</em> to stainless steel in water as matrix was 1000 to 3000/ sq cm as measured in our laboratory. Results showed that there was a significant difference in spore reduction depending on the matrix of the biofilm and with the intensity of the Xenon treatment. Reduction in spores ranged from 1 to 4.7 logarithmic reduction cycles depending on the material of the biofilm, the strain of spores and the intensity of treatment. We conclude that there is significant potential to use this technology in maintaining low spore counts in commercial dairy powders.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Jacquez, Stephanie"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS in Agriculture - Dairy Products Technology","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Dairy Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Rafael Jimenez- Flores"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-03-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-03-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:50Z","subjects":["Biofilm","Sporeformers","dairy processing","Pulse light","Xenon Technologies","Life Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["10.15368/theses.2016.173"],"render_values":[{"text":"10.15368/theses.2016.173","href":"https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2016.173","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2591","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Rafael Jimenez- Flores"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Jacquez, Stephanie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-05-16T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Dairy Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS in Agriculture - Dairy Products Technology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biofilm","Sporeformers","dairy processing","Pulse light","Xenon Technologies","Life Sciences"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2591","10.15368/theses.2016.173"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In food processing, inadequate surface sanitation procedures lead to the formation of biofilms in which bacteria attach and aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis. Formation of these sessile communities and their inherent resistance to existing sanitation procedures and agents are at the root of the risk of bacterial infections for consumers. Due to this existing problem, an effective method for reducing biofilm formation in dairy processing equipment is necessary for dairy products processing. Ultraviolet Pulsed light Technology has shown a positive effect in eliminating microorganism populations on food products. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of Pulsed light Technology on a biofilm of different dairy component matrices (e.g. Water (control); whey protein isolates (WPI), lactose, and sweet whey). This evaluation will be performed using the three strains of spore forming Bacillus species most common in commercial milk powder (B. subtilis, B. coagulans, and B. licheniformis). The matrix in which the evaluation was made consisted on allowing the attachment of endospores to on to a square 2.5cm x 2.5cm ASI 304 stainless steel coupon. Four Xenon light treatment levels (no treatment, 5 bursts, 10 seconds, 20 seconds and 30 seconds) were applied to the coupon surfaces using the Xenon model RC847 machine. The attachment of Bacillus to stainless steel in water as matrix was 1000 to 3000/ sq cm as measured in our laboratory. Results showed that there was a significant difference in spore reduction depending on the matrix of the biofilm and with the intensity of the Xenon treatment. Reduction in spores ranged from 1 to 4.7 logarithmic reduction cycles depending on the material of the biofilm, the strain of spores and the intensity of treatment. We conclude that there is significant potential to use this technology in maintaining low spore counts in commercial dairy powders.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effect of Xenon Pulsed-Light Technology on Biofilm Adhered to Stainless Steel Surfaces"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Rafael Jimenez- Flores"],"dc:creator":["Jacquez, Stephanie"],"dc:date.available":["2018-05-16T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["In food processing, inadequate surface sanitation procedures lead to the formation of biofilms in which bacteria attach and aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis. Formation of these sessile communities and their inherent resistance to existing sanitation procedures and agents are at the root of the risk of bacterial infections for consumers. Due to this existing problem, an effective method for reducing biofilm formation in dairy processing equipment is necessary for dairy products processing. Ultraviolet Pulsed light Technology has shown a positive effect in eliminating microorganism populations on food products. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of Pulsed light Technology on a biofilm of different dairy component matrices (e.g. Water (control); whey protein isolates (WPI), lactose, and sweet whey). This evaluation will be performed using the three strains of spore forming Bacillus species most common in commercial milk powder (B. subtilis, B. coagulans, and B. licheniformis). The matrix in which the evaluation was made consisted on allowing the attachment of endospores to on to a square 2.5cm x 2.5cm ASI 304 stainless steel coupon. Four Xenon light treatment levels (no treatment, 5 bursts, 10 seconds, 20 seconds and 30 seconds) were applied to the coupon surfaces using the Xenon model RC847 machine. The attachment of Bacillus to stainless steel in water as matrix was 1000 to 3000/ sq cm as measured in our laboratory. Results showed that there was a significant difference in spore reduction depending on the matrix of the biofilm and with the intensity of the Xenon treatment. Reduction in spores ranged from 1 to 4.7 logarithmic reduction cycles depending on the material of the biofilm, the strain of spores and the intensity of treatment. We conclude that there is significant potential to use this technology in maintaining low spore counts in commercial dairy powders.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2591","10.15368/theses.2016.173"],"dc:subject":["Biofilm","Sporeformers","dairy processing","Pulse light","Xenon Technologies","Life Sciences"],"dc:title":["The Effect of Xenon Pulsed-Light Technology on Biofilm Adhered to Stainless Steel Surfaces"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Dairy Science"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS in Agriculture - Dairy Products Technology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:50Z"}