The addition of powered components for active assays into paper-based analytical devices opens new opportunities for medical and environmental analysis in resource-limited applications. Current battery designs within such devices have yet to adopt a ubiquitous circuitry material, necessitating investigation into printed circuitry for scalable platforms. In this study, a microfluidic battery was mated with silver-nanoparticle conductive ink to prototype an all-printed sensing platform. A multi-layer, two-cell device was fabricated, generating 200 μA of direct electrical current at 2.5 V sustained for 16 minutes with a power loss of less than 0.1% through the printed circuitry. Printed circuitry traces exhibited resistivity of 75 to 211 10-5 Ω m. Resistance of the printed traces increased upwards of 200% depending on fold angle and directionality. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of face-centered cubic silver after sintering printed traces for 30 minutes at 150°C in air. A conductivity threshold was mapped and an ink concentration of 0.636 μL mm-3 was identified as the lower limit for optimal electrical performance.
","abstract_html":"<p>The addition of powered components for active assays into paper-based analytical devices opens new opportunities for medical and environmental analysis in resource-limited applications. Current battery designs within such devices have yet to adopt a ubiquitous circuitry material, necessitating investigation into printed circuitry for scalable platforms. In this study, a microfluidic battery was mated with silver-nanoparticle conductive ink to prototype an all-printed sensing platform. A multi-layer, two-cell device was fabricated, generating 200 μA of direct electrical current at 2.5 V sustained for 16 minutes with a power loss of less than 0.1% through the printed circuitry. Printed circuitry traces exhibited resistivity of 75 to 211 10<sup>-5</sup> Ω m. Resistance of the printed traces increased upwards of 200% depending on fold angle and directionality. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of face-centered cubic silver after sintering printed traces for 30 minutes at 150°C in air. A conductivity threshold was mapped and an ink concentration of 0.636 μL mm<sup>-3</sup> was identified as the lower limit for optimal electrical performance.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kripalani, Rishi A."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS in Engineering - Materials Engineering","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Materials Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Linda Vanasupa"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-12-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-12-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:42Z","subjects":["silver nanoparticle ink","microfluidic battery","percolation threshold","paperbased analytical device","μPAD","printed circuitry","x-ray diffraction","Materials Science and Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["10.15368/theses.2016.161"],"render_values":[{"text":"10.15368/theses.2016.161","href":"https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2016.161","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1694","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Linda Vanasupa"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kripalani, Rishi A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-12-16T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Materials Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS in Engineering - Materials Engineering"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["silver nanoparticle ink","microfluidic battery","percolation threshold","paperbased analytical device","μPAD","printed circuitry","x-ray diffraction","Materials Science and Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1694","10.15368/theses.2016.161"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The addition of powered components for active assays into paper-based analytical devices opens new opportunities for medical and environmental analysis in resource-limited applications. Current battery designs within such devices have yet to adopt a ubiquitous circuitry material, necessitating investigation into printed circuitry for scalable platforms. In this study, a microfluidic battery was mated with silver-nanoparticle conductive ink to prototype an all-printed sensing platform. A multi-layer, two-cell device was fabricated, generating 200 μA of direct electrical current at 2.5 V sustained for 16 minutes with a power loss of less than 0.1% through the printed circuitry. Printed circuitry traces exhibited resistivity of 75 to 211 10-5 Ω m. Resistance of the printed traces increased upwards of 200% depending on fold angle and directionality. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of face-centered cubic silver after sintering printed traces for 30 minutes at 150°C in air. A conductivity threshold was mapped and an ink concentration of 0.636 μL mm-3 was identified as the lower limit for optimal electrical performance.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Novel Integration of Conductive-Ink Circuitry with a Paper-Based Microfluidic Battery as an All-Printed Sensing Platform"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Linda Vanasupa"],"dc:creator":["Kripalani, Rishi A."],"dc:date.available":["2016-12-16T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The addition of powered components for active assays into paper-based analytical devices opens new opportunities for medical and environmental analysis in resource-limited applications. Current battery designs within such devices have yet to adopt a ubiquitous circuitry material, necessitating investigation into printed circuitry for scalable platforms. In this study, a microfluidic battery was mated with silver-nanoparticle conductive ink to prototype an all-printed sensing platform. A multi-layer, two-cell device was fabricated, generating 200 μA of direct electrical current at 2.5 V sustained for 16 minutes with a power loss of less than 0.1% through the printed circuitry. Printed circuitry traces exhibited resistivity of 75 to 211 10-5 Ω m. Resistance of the printed traces increased upwards of 200% depending on fold angle and directionality. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of face-centered cubic silver after sintering printed traces for 30 minutes at 150°C in air. A conductivity threshold was mapped and an ink concentration of 0.636 μL mm-3 was identified as the lower limit for optimal electrical performance.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1694","10.15368/theses.2016.161"],"dc:subject":["silver nanoparticle ink","microfluidic battery","percolation threshold","paperbased analytical device","μPAD","printed circuitry","x-ray diffraction","Materials Science and Engineering"],"dc:title":["Novel Integration of Conductive-Ink Circuitry with a Paper-Based Microfluidic Battery as an All-Printed Sensing Platform"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Materials Engineering"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS in Engineering - Materials Engineering"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:32:42Z"}