{"id":{"repo_id":"calgary","oai_identifier":"oai:ucalgary.scholaris.ca:1880/122641"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/calgary/oai:ucalgary.scholaris.ca:1880/122641","repository":{"repo_id":"calgary","name":"University of Calgary","base_url":"https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Microwave Hydration Monitoring Using Wearable Antennas","abstract":"Dehydration, even at a mild stage, can disrupt physiological processes in both humans and animals. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are essential to prevent dehydration from damaging vital systems. However, measuring dehydration remains a challenge, as there is no single gold-standard method, and current approaches are expensive, invasive, and unsuitable for continuous assessment. Microwave techniques offer a promising alternative to address these issues. This study explores wearable antennas designed for microwave-based localized tissue assessment at the extremities to detect hydration changes. A conformal printed monopole antenna, operating over a wide frequency range, is developed on denim fabric, and its performance is analyzed both in air and in contact with lossy dielectrics. Due to mismatches at the air-tissue interface and unstable radiation behavior in the target frequency band, enhancement approaches are studied, resulting in a compact design with improved performance when in contact with tissue, called a ”body-matched antenna.” This design is then evaluated through simulations using a realistic multilayer arm model, as well as through measurements with ground beef phantoms and a human pilot study. The results suggest the potential of the system to detect changes in hydration. As a proof of concept, a portable monitoring system is developed using body-matched antennas, enabling remote assessment of permittivity changes. The outcomes of this study represent a step toward continuous hydration monitoring.","abstract_html":"Dehydration, even at a mild stage, can disrupt physiological processes in both humans and animals. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are essential to prevent dehydration from damaging vital systems. However, measuring dehydration remains a challenge, as there is no single gold-standard method, and current approaches are expensive, invasive, and unsuitable for continuous assessment. Microwave techniques offer a promising alternative to address these issues. This study explores wearable antennas designed for microwave-based localized tissue assessment at the extremities to detect hydration changes. A conformal printed monopole antenna, operating over a wide frequency range, is developed on denim fabric, and its performance is analyzed both in air and in contact with lossy dielectrics. Due to mismatches at the air-tissue interface and unstable radiation behavior in the target frequency band, enhancement approaches are studied, resulting in a compact design with improved performance when in contact with tissue, called a ”body-matched antenna.” This design is then evaluated through simulations using a realistic multilayer arm model, as well as through measurements with ground beef phantoms and a human pilot study. The results suggest the potential of the system to detect changes in hydration. As a proof of concept, a portable monitoring system is developed using body-matched antennas, enabling remote assessment of permittivity changes. The outcomes of this study represent a step toward continuous hydration monitoring.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Khalili, Mehdi"],"institution":"Schulich School of Engineering","degree_name":"Master of Science (MSc)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Engineering – Electrical & Computer","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Fear, Elise Carolyn"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Okoniewski, Michal","Nielsen, Jorgen"],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-09-04","date_published":"2025-09-04","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:30:29Z","subjects":["Microwaves","Antennas","Hydration monitoring","Applied Electromagnetics"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Unless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/50234"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/50234","href":"https://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/50234","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1880/122641","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Fear, Elise Carolyn"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Okoniewski, Michal","Nielsen, Jorgen"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Khalili, Mehdi"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-11"]},{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-09-05T21:28:04Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-09-05T21:28:04Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025-09-04"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["master thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Engineering – Electrical & Computer"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MSc)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Calgary"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Microwaves","Antennas","Hydration monitoring","Applied Electromagnetics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Unless otherwise indicated, this material is protected by copyright and has been made available with authorization from the copyright owner. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["https://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/50234"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/1880/122641"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Dehydration, even at a mild stage, can disrupt physiological processes in both humans and animals. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are essential to prevent dehydration from damaging vital systems. However, measuring dehydration remains a challenge, as there is no single gold-standard method, and current approaches are expensive, invasive, and unsuitable for continuous assessment. Microwave techniques offer a promising alternative to address these issues. This study explores wearable antennas designed for microwave-based localized tissue assessment at the extremities to detect hydration changes. A conformal printed monopole antenna, operating over a wide frequency range, is developed on denim fabric, and its performance is analyzed both in air and in contact with lossy dielectrics. Due to mismatches at the air-tissue interface and unstable radiation behavior in the target frequency band, enhancement approaches are studied, resulting in a compact design with improved performance when in contact with tissue, called a ”body-matched antenna.” This design is then evaluated through simulations using a realistic multilayer arm model, as well as through measurements with ground beef phantoms and a human pilot study. The results suggest the potential of the system to detect changes in hydration. As a proof of concept, a portable monitoring system is developed using body-matched antennas, enabling remote assessment of permittivity changes. The outcomes of this study represent a step toward continuous hydration monitoring."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Microwave Hydration Monitoring Using Wearable Antennas"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Fear, Elise Carolyn"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Okoniewski, Michal","Nielsen, Jorgen"],"dc:creator":["Khalili, Mehdi"],"dc:date":["2025-11"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-09-05T21:28:04Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-09-05T21:28:04Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025-09-04"],"dc:description.abstract":["Dehydration, even at a mild stage, can disrupt physiological processes in both humans and animals. Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring are essential to prevent dehydration from damaging vital systems. However, measuring dehydration remains a challenge, as there is no single gold-standard method, and current approaches are expensive, invasive, and unsuitable for continuous assessment. Microwave techniques offer a promising alternative to address these issues. This study explores wearable antennas designed for microwave-based localized tissue assessment at the extremities to detect hydration changes. A conformal printed monopole antenna, operating over a wide frequency range, is developed on denim fabric, and its performance is analyzed both in air and in contact with lossy dielectrics. Due to mismatches at the air-tissue interface and unstable radiation behavior in the target frequency band, enhancement approaches are studied, resulting in a compact design with improved performance when in contact with tissue, called a ”body-matched antenna.” This design is then evaluated through simulations using a realistic multilayer arm model, as well as through measurements with ground beef phantoms and a human pilot study. The results suggest the potential of the system to detect changes in hydration. 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For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission."],"dc:subject":["Microwaves","Antennas","Hydration monitoring","Applied Electromagnetics"],"dc:title":["Microwave Hydration Monitoring Using Wearable Antennas"],"dc:type":["master thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Engineering – Electrical & Computer"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MSc)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Calgary"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:30:29Z"}