Tibial-fibular morphology: variation, sexual dimorphism, and mechanical implications

Stress fractures are common injuries among runners and military personnel associated with the mechanical fatigue of load-bearing bone. The tibia is the most frequently fractured site and females are at much greater risk than males. Bone geometry and density are hypothesized risk factors for stress fracture and are thought to contribute to the disparity in risk between sexes via their influence on bone strain magnitude which is strongly related to the rate of mechanical fatigue. However, covariation between these two complex factors and their influence on the strain environment of the tibia are not well characterised. The overarching goal of this thesis was to develop a more nuanced understanding of the mechanical implications of tibial-fibular geometry and density variations present in young active adults. A series of studies were performed utilizing a combination of advanced medical imaging, statistical approaches, gait data, and the finite element method to characterise and quantify covariations in whole-bone tibial-fibular geometry and density distributions and their influence on bone strain. Transverse diaphyseal geometry and sagittal curvature were identified as key features that likely influence stress fracture risk, demonstrating substantial effects on finite element-predicted bone strain. Additionally, the average female illustrated a narrower tibia which resulted in elevated bone strain when compared to the average male, suggesting that bone geometry likely contributes to the disparity in stress fracture risk between sexes. As we work towards improving predictive models and developing effective screening tools for stress fracture risk, these findings provide insights into key features of bone geometry and density that will need to be accurately characterised. Landmark- and anthropometric-based predictions of tibial-fibular geometry and density were not sufficiently accurate, indicating that some level of advanced medical imaging data will be necessary to generate personalised models or characterise geometry and density features associated with stress fracture risk.

Name thesis:degree_name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Engineering – Biomedical

Grantor dc:publisher.institution

Graduate Studies

Year dc:date.issued

2023

Author dc:creator

• Bruce, Olivia Leigh

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Edwards, William Brent

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Boyd, Steven Kyle
• Kuo, Arthur
• Roach, Koren Elaine
• Jordan, Matthew James
• Lenz, Amy Lorraine

• statistical shape model
• statistical appearance model
• finite element
• musculoskeletal
• stress fracture
• running

Statement dc:rights

• University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission.

Language dc:language.iso

en

DOI

https://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/dspace/41372

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:ucalgary.scholaris.ca:1880/116529