{"id":{"repo_id":"calgary","oai_identifier":"oai:ucalgary.scholaris.ca:1880/113998"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/calgary/oai:ucalgary.scholaris.ca:1880/113998","repository":{"repo_id":"calgary","name":"University of Calgary","base_url":"https://ucalgary.scholaris.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Partial Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Bio-Oil via Deep Catalytic Hydrotreating","abstract":"According to the International Energy Agency, bioenergy accounts for one-tenth of the world's total primary energy supply and biofuel production is forecasted to increase 25% by 2024. The bio-oil is composed of a complex mixture of oxygenated compounds with a relatively high concentration of water. Compared to crude oil, bio-oil has high oxygen content, lower energy density, high acidity, high viscosity and water content. Submitting the bio-oil to atmospheric distillation at the refinery is not possible at this stage since the highly reactive compounds in the bio-oil will plug the distillation column at high temperatures, and moreover, high temperatures will accelerate the corrosion effect of the bio-oil in the refinery lines. Therefore, an upgrading step is necessary to make the bio-oil admissible to the refinery. The ultimate goal of this research is to produce biofuel equivalent to conventional fuels from lignocellulose-derived bio-oil. The main objective of this study is to reduce the oxygen content of the bio-oil via the catalytic hydrotreating process and to improve the quality of the upgraded oil. The effect of the process variables such as operating pressure, temperature and space velocity on the product quality was studied. The best results were obtained using CAT-M5, at 1750 psig, 370 C and 0.4 h-1 space velocity resulting in 77% reduction in oxygen content, 99.5% reduction in viscosity, 100% reduction in total acid number, 55% phenol conversion and 91% residue conversion. It was found that increasing pressure, unlike temperature, does not have a noticeable effect on microcarbon residue reduction, viscosity, and boiling point distribution of the product, but it improves the degree of deoxygenation and molar H/C ratio. Moreover, at temperatures higher than 350 C, hydrocracking along with hydrogenation notably improved the residue conversion, viscosity and MCR reduction. Comparing the performance of catalysts showed that CAT-M5, unlike CAT-M3, eliminated the solid precipitation in the products thanks to its large pore size. Furthermore, CAT-M5 had a higher residue conversion rate, MCR and viscosity reduction rate. In contrast, CAT-M3 had a better performance in deoxygenation and phenol conversion.","abstract_html":"According to the International Energy Agency, bioenergy accounts for one-tenth of the world's total primary energy supply and biofuel production is forecasted to increase 25% by 2024. The bio-oil is composed of a complex mixture of oxygenated compounds with a relatively high concentration of water. Compared to crude oil, bio-oil has high oxygen content, lower energy density, high acidity, high viscosity and water content. Submitting the bio-oil to atmospheric distillation at the refinery is not possible at this stage since the highly reactive compounds in the bio-oil will plug the distillation column at high temperatures, and moreover, high temperatures will accelerate the corrosion effect of the bio-oil in the refinery lines. Therefore, an upgrading step is necessary to make the bio-oil admissible to the refinery. The ultimate goal of this research is to produce biofuel equivalent to conventional fuels from lignocellulose-derived bio-oil. The main objective of this study is to reduce the oxygen content of the bio-oil via the catalytic hydrotreating process and to improve the quality of the upgraded oil. The effect of the process variables such as operating pressure, temperature and space velocity on the product quality was studied. The best results were obtained using CAT-M5, at 1750 psig, 370 C and 0.4 h-1 space velocity resulting in 77% reduction in oxygen content, 99.5% reduction in viscosity, 100% reduction in total acid number, 55% phenol conversion and 91% residue conversion. It was found that increasing pressure, unlike temperature, does not have a noticeable effect on microcarbon residue reduction, viscosity, and boiling point distribution of the product, but it improves the degree of deoxygenation and molar H/C ratio. Moreover, at temperatures higher than 350 C, hydrocracking along with hydrogenation notably improved the residue conversion, viscosity and MCR reduction. Comparing the performance of catalysts showed that CAT-M5, unlike CAT-M3, eliminated the solid precipitation in the products thanks to its large pore size. Furthermore, CAT-M5 had a higher residue conversion rate, MCR and viscosity reduction rate. In contrast, CAT-M3 had a better performance in deoxygenation and phenol conversion.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Marashi Shoushtari, Nafees Sadat"],"institution":"Schulich School of Engineering","degree_name":"Master of Science (MSc)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Engineering – Chemical & Petroleum","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Pereira Almao, Pedro"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Clarke, Matthew","De la Hoz Siegler, Hector"],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021-09-23","date_published":"2021-09-23","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:30:38Z","subjects":["Bio-Oil","Deep Hydrotreating","Catalytic Upgrading","Hydrodeoxygenation"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/39310"],"render_values":[{"text":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/39310","href":"http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/39310","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113998","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Pereira Almao, Pedro"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Clarke, Matthew","De la Hoz Siegler, Hector"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Marashi Shoushtari, Nafees Sadat"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2021-11"]},{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2021-09-29T18:53:08Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2021-09-29T18:53:08Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2021-09-23"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Calgary"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["master thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Engineering – Chemical & Petroleum"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MSc)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["University of Calgary"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Bio-Oil","Deep Hydrotreating","Catalytic Upgrading","Hydrodeoxygenation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. 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Compared to crude oil, bio-oil has high oxygen content, lower energy density, high acidity, high viscosity and water content. Submitting the bio-oil to atmospheric distillation at the refinery is not possible at this stage since the highly reactive compounds in the bio-oil will plug the distillation column at high temperatures, and moreover, high temperatures will accelerate the corrosion effect of the bio-oil in the refinery lines. Therefore, an upgrading step is necessary to make the bio-oil admissible to the refinery. The ultimate goal of this research is to produce biofuel equivalent to conventional fuels from lignocellulose-derived bio-oil. The main objective of this study is to reduce the oxygen content of the bio-oil via the catalytic hydrotreating process and to improve the quality of the upgraded oil. The effect of the process variables such as operating pressure, temperature and space velocity on the product quality was studied. The best results were obtained using CAT-M5, at 1750 psig, 370 C and 0.4 h-1 space velocity resulting in 77% reduction in oxygen content, 99.5% reduction in viscosity, 100% reduction in total acid number, 55% phenol conversion and 91% residue conversion. It was found that increasing pressure, unlike temperature, does not have a noticeable effect on microcarbon residue reduction, viscosity, and boiling point distribution of the product, but it improves the degree of deoxygenation and molar H/C ratio. Moreover, at temperatures higher than 350 C, hydrocracking along with hydrogenation notably improved the residue conversion, viscosity and MCR reduction. Comparing the performance of catalysts showed that CAT-M5, unlike CAT-M3, eliminated the solid precipitation in the products thanks to its large pore size. Furthermore, CAT-M5 had a higher residue conversion rate, MCR and viscosity reduction rate. In contrast, CAT-M3 had a better performance in deoxygenation and phenol conversion."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Partial Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Bio-Oil via Deep Catalytic Hydrotreating"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Pereira Almao, Pedro"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Clarke, Matthew","De la Hoz Siegler, Hector"],"dc:creator":["Marashi Shoushtari, Nafees Sadat"],"dc:date":["2021-11"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2021-09-29T18:53:08Z"],"dc:date.available":["2021-09-29T18:53:08Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2021-09-23"],"dc:description.abstract":["According to the International Energy Agency, bioenergy accounts for one-tenth of the world's total primary energy supply and biofuel production is forecasted to increase 25% by 2024. The bio-oil is composed of a complex mixture of oxygenated compounds with a relatively high concentration of water. Compared to crude oil, bio-oil has high oxygen content, lower energy density, high acidity, high viscosity and water content. Submitting the bio-oil to atmospheric distillation at the refinery is not possible at this stage since the highly reactive compounds in the bio-oil will plug the distillation column at high temperatures, and moreover, high temperatures will accelerate the corrosion effect of the bio-oil in the refinery lines. Therefore, an upgrading step is necessary to make the bio-oil admissible to the refinery. The ultimate goal of this research is to produce biofuel equivalent to conventional fuels from lignocellulose-derived bio-oil. The main objective of this study is to reduce the oxygen content of the bio-oil via the catalytic hydrotreating process and to improve the quality of the upgraded oil. The effect of the process variables such as operating pressure, temperature and space velocity on the product quality was studied. The best results were obtained using CAT-M5, at 1750 psig, 370 C and 0.4 h-1 space velocity resulting in 77% reduction in oxygen content, 99.5% reduction in viscosity, 100% reduction in total acid number, 55% phenol conversion and 91% residue conversion. It was found that increasing pressure, unlike temperature, does not have a noticeable effect on microcarbon residue reduction, viscosity, and boiling point distribution of the product, but it improves the degree of deoxygenation and molar H/C ratio. Moreover, at temperatures higher than 350 C, hydrocracking along with hydrogenation notably improved the residue conversion, viscosity and MCR reduction. Comparing the performance of catalysts showed that CAT-M5, unlike CAT-M3, eliminated the solid precipitation in the products thanks to its large pore size. Furthermore, CAT-M5 had a higher residue conversion rate, MCR and viscosity reduction rate. In contrast, CAT-M3 had a better performance in deoxygenation and phenol conversion."],"dc:identifier.doi":["http://dx.doi.org/10.11575/PRISM/39310"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1880/113998"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Calgary"],"dc:rights":["University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission."],"dc:subject":["Bio-Oil","Deep Hydrotreating","Catalytic Upgrading","Hydrodeoxygenation"],"dc:title":["Partial Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Bio-Oil via Deep Catalytic Hydrotreating"],"dc:type":["master thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Engineering – Chemical & Petroleum"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MSc)"],"thesis:institution_name":["University of Calgary"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:30:38Z"}