The Development of Novel Electrochemical Sensors Based on Innovative Materials

Over recent decades, electrochemical technologies have experienced significant advancements, offering simplicity, high sensitivity, rapid response, and cost-effectiveness compared to conventional analytical techniques. These advantages have enabled their widespread application in environmental monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnostics. In this context, this thesis focuses on the design and development of advanced electrochemical platforms based on innovative materials and fabrication strategies, aiming to enhance performance and broaden functionality for both sensing and energy-related applications. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the development of laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based electrochemical sensors. It explores the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) porous laser-scribed graphene electrodes and their functionalization with conducting polymers, such as overoxidized polypyrrole, for the selective detection of neurotransmitters, particularly, dopamine. Additionally, a sensitive sensing platform for paracetamol detection is developed using bare LIG structures, while enzyme-free glucose sensing is achieved through the integration of gold nanostructures onto mesoporous LIG. This section also investigates the transferability of LIG-based materials toward practical applications, including the use of fused filament fabrication to stamp conductive LIG patterns onto 3D-printed substrates for bioanalytical device development. Notably, this work was conducted as part of a mobility internship in the University of Teramo, Italy. The second part focuses on laser-based synthesis strategies for functional nanomaterials, aiming to establish a one-step, efficient approach for the fabrication of nanozyme platforms with enhanced catalytic activity. This section highlights the versatility of laser processing in tuning material composition, morphology, and functionality, enabling the development of highly active and stable nanozyme systems for advanced electrochemical applications. The third part addresses green and innovative top-down and bottom-up approaches for the development of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts dedicated to water splitting. By combining these strategies, efficient catalysts are engineered for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In particular, dual-laser writing techniques enable the direct fabrication of 3D graphene–transition metal dichalcogenide hybrid architectures, exhibiting remarkable catalytic performance across a wide pH range. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that integrating advanced carbon-based nanostructures with innovative laser-assisted fabrication techniques provides versatile, scalable, and environmentally sustainable solutions to overcome the limitations of conventional electrochemical systems. These findings open new pathways for the development of next-generation electrochemical devices, bridging analytical sensing and energy conversion technologies

Author dc:creator

• Berni, Achraf

Advisors dc:contributor.advisor

• Palacios Santander, José María
• Amine, Aziz

• Electrochemical sensors
• 3D porous materials
• Laser-induced graphene
• nonenzymatic detection
• Nanozyme
• Electrocatalysis
• Water splitting
• HER/OER
• sensores electroquímicos
• grafeno inducido por láser
• materiales porosos tridimensionales
• detección no enzimática
• nanozimas
• electrocatalisis
• electrólisis del agua
• Capteurs électrochimiques
• matériaux poreux 3D
• graphène induit par laser
• détection non enzymatique
• électrocatalyse

Statement dc:rights

• Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Language dc:language.iso

eng

Handle dc:identifier.uri

http://hdl.handle.net/10498/39997

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:rodin.uca.es:10498/39997