Development and performance of a velocity control system for modern combustion-powered scooters
type: CreativeWork
description: This doctoral thesis covers the development of a velocity-controlled Throttle-by-Wire-System for modern four-stroke 50 cc scooters (Euro 5). Further, the system performance, fuel-saving effect and exhaust optimization was investigated. The European Parliament has adopted major CO2 emission reductions by 2030. But modern combustion-powered scooters are inefficiently restricted and emit unnecessary amounts of CO2. Replacing the original restriction method with the velocity-controlled Throttle-by-Wire-System, the engines operating point is being improved significantly. Controlling the throttle valve opening prevents an inefficient ignition timing shift. The Throttle-by-Wire-System consists of an anisotropic magnetoresistance throttle position sensor and a position controlled stepper motor-driven throttle valve actuator. The sensor unit comes with a measurement deviation of less than 0.16% whereas the actuator unit can approach throttle valve positions with a deviation of less than 0.37%. The actuators settling time does not exceed 0.13 seconds in the case of stable, step-loss free and noiseless operation. A redundant wheel speed sensor measures the vehicle velocity using the Hall effect with a precision of 0.04 km/h. The entire system is managed by a central ECU, executing the actual velocity control, fail-safe functions, power supply and handling inputs/outputs. For velocity control, an adaptive PI-controller has been simulated, virtually tuned and implemented, limiting the top speed regulated by legal constraints (45 km/h). By implementing a humanmachine interface, including a virtual dashboard, the system is capable of interfacing with the rider. For sensor evaluation, Hardware-in-the-Loop test benches have been developed. During test drives, a specially developed measurement box logs vehicle orientation, system/control variables and engine parameters. A Peugeot Kisbee 50 4T (Euro 5) severed as test vehicle. The system has been evaluated regarding performance and fu…
abstract: This doctoral thesis covers the development of a velocity-controlled Throttle-by-Wire-System for modern four-stroke 50 cc scooters (Euro 5). Further, the system performance, fuel-saving effect and exhaust optimization was investigated. The European Parliament has adopted major CO2 emission reductions by 2030. But modern combustion-powered scooters are inefficiently restricted and emit unnecessary amounts of CO2. Replacing the original restriction method with the velocity-controlled Throttle-by-Wire-System, the engines operating point is being improved significantly. Controlling the throttle valve opening prevents an inefficient ignition timing shift. The Throttle-by-Wire-System consists of an anisotropic magnetoresistance throttle position sensor and a position controlled stepper motor-driven throttle valve actuator. The sensor unit comes with a measurement deviation of less than 0.16% whereas the actuator unit can approach throttle valve positions with a deviation of less than 0.37%. The actuators settling time does not exceed 0.13 seconds in the case of stable, step-loss free and noiseless operation. A redundant wheel speed sensor measures the vehicle velocity using the Hall effect with a precision of 0.04 km/h. The entire system is managed by a central ECU, executing the actual velocity control, fail-safe functions, power supply and handling inputs/outputs. For velocity control, an adaptive PI-controller has been simulated, virtually tuned and implemented, limiting the top speed regulated by legal constraints (45 km/h). By implementing a humanmachine interface, including a virtual dashboard, the system is capable of interfacing with the rider. For sensor evaluation, Hardware-in-the-Loop test benches have been developed. During test drives, a specially developed measurement box logs vehicle orientation, system/control variables and engine parameters. A Peugeot Kisbee 50 4T (Euro 5) severed as test vehicle. The system has been evaluated regarding performance and fu…
author: Kreß, Jannis
language: eng
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
date published: 2024
date modified: 2026-07-24T01:29:34Z
provider: Universidad de Cadiz
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Universidad de Cadiz

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: http://hdl.handle.net/10498/35491