{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/86738"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/86738","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Exposure and IQ of Children from the Salud Ambiental Montevideo (SAM) Study in Uruguay","abstract":"M.S.","abstract_html":"M.S.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kawyn, Marissa; 0000-0002-7802-055X"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kordas, Katarzyna","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-02-21T21:44:35Z","date_published":"2025-02-21T21:44:35Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:34Z","subjects":["epidemiology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/86738","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kordas, Katarzyna","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kawyn, Marissa; 0000-0002-7802-055X"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025-02-21T21:44:35Z","2020"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["epidemiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/86738"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["M.S.","Introduction: Because of their rapid development in early life (infancy to school age), children are vulnerable to environmental exposures. With the increased use and access to pesticides globally, including for residential use, young children are likely to come into contact with these compounds in their daily lives. Research on pesticide exposure in urban populations is increasing, but mostly for biomonitoring programs rather than to examine health effects. There are few studies on how exposure to multiple pesticides affects cognition in school-age children. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos, two commonly used pesticides for agricultural and residential applications, is related to general cognitive abilities among ~7-year-old children from Montevideo, Uruguay. Methods: Of 357 children enrolled into the study, 214 had complete data on all relevant variables. Children's cognition was assessed using tests from the Woodcock-Muñoz cognitive battery. Morning spot urine samples were collected for pesticide analyses and fasting blood was collected for blood lead analysis. One metabolite of chlorpyrifos (TCPy, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) and four metabolites of pyrethroids (3-PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; cis- and trans-DCCA, cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid; and λCA, λ- cyhalothrin) pesticides were measured in urine. Urinary creatinine concentrations were also measured. Sociodemographic information was collected via questionnaire or observation in the home. The association between a general intellectual ability (GIA) score and each pesticide metabolite in urine, expressed as quartiles, was tested in separate linear regression models, accounting for child sex and age, maternal education, parental smoking, blood lead levels, HOME scores, and season of assessment. For comparison, three types of models were conducted: 1) using metabolite concentrations (wet weight) as independent variables and 2) using metabolite concentrations adjusted for creatinine as independent variables. Additionally, urinary pesticide metabolites (adjusted creatinine and modeled as continuous variables) were used in stratified models to assess the effect modification by sex, BMI z-score, and blood lead level cut at the median. Results: The median urinary metabolite values of TCPy, 3-PBA, cis-, and trans-DCCA being 10.72, 3.22, 0.55, and 1.86 ng/ml, respectively. After accounting for covariates, children in the highest quartiles of TCPy and trans-DCCA had higher GIA scores, (5.92 [1.43, 10.21]) and (5.43 [0.69, 10.17]), respectively, in models using metabolites (wet weight) as independent variables. When the metabolites were adjusted for creatinine, the associations became negative and no longer statistically significant. In stratified analyses, confidence intervals overlapped, suggesting little difference in associations between boys and girls, in children with lower vs. higher BLLs, and children with lower vs. higher BMI. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, urban school children with marked exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids pesticides, at levels higher than those reported by NHANES Biomonitoring Data in children of the same age group. Nevertheless, there was little evidence for an association between urinary pesticide metabolites and general cognitive abilities.","**To request an accessible version of the file(s) associated with this item, contact library@buffalo.edu. Please include the item's persistent URL [http://hdl.handle.net/. . .] in your request.**"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Exposure and IQ of Children from the Salud Ambiental Montevideo (SAM) Study in Uruguay"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kordas, Katarzyna","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"],"dc:creator":["Kawyn, Marissa; 0000-0002-7802-055X"],"dc:date":["2025-02-21T21:44:35Z","2020"],"dc:description":["M.S.","Introduction: Because of their rapid development in early life (infancy to school age), children are vulnerable to environmental exposures. With the increased use and access to pesticides globally, including for residential use, young children are likely to come into contact with these compounds in their daily lives. Research on pesticide exposure in urban populations is increasing, but mostly for biomonitoring programs rather than to examine health effects. There are few studies on how exposure to multiple pesticides affects cognition in school-age children. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which exposure to pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos, two commonly used pesticides for agricultural and residential applications, is related to general cognitive abilities among ~7-year-old children from Montevideo, Uruguay. Methods: Of 357 children enrolled into the study, 214 had complete data on all relevant variables. Children's cognition was assessed using tests from the Woodcock-Muñoz cognitive battery. Morning spot urine samples were collected for pesticide analyses and fasting blood was collected for blood lead analysis. One metabolite of chlorpyrifos (TCPy, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) and four metabolites of pyrethroids (3-PBA, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid; cis- and trans-DCCA, cis/trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid; and λCA, λ- cyhalothrin) pesticides were measured in urine. Urinary creatinine concentrations were also measured. Sociodemographic information was collected via questionnaire or observation in the home. The association between a general intellectual ability (GIA) score and each pesticide metabolite in urine, expressed as quartiles, was tested in separate linear regression models, accounting for child sex and age, maternal education, parental smoking, blood lead levels, HOME scores, and season of assessment. For comparison, three types of models were conducted: 1) using metabolite concentrations (wet weight) as independent variables and 2) using metabolite concentrations adjusted for creatinine as independent variables. Additionally, urinary pesticide metabolites (adjusted creatinine and modeled as continuous variables) were used in stratified models to assess the effect modification by sex, BMI z-score, and blood lead level cut at the median. Results: The median urinary metabolite values of TCPy, 3-PBA, cis-, and trans-DCCA being 10.72, 3.22, 0.55, and 1.86 ng/ml, respectively. After accounting for covariates, children in the highest quartiles of TCPy and trans-DCCA had higher GIA scores, (5.92 [1.43, 10.21]) and (5.43 [0.69, 10.17]), respectively, in models using metabolites (wet weight) as independent variables. When the metabolites were adjusted for creatinine, the associations became negative and no longer statistically significant. In stratified analyses, confidence intervals overlapped, suggesting little difference in associations between boys and girls, in children with lower vs. higher BLLs, and children with lower vs. higher BMI. Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, urban school children with marked exposure to chlorpyrifos and pyrethroids pesticides, at levels higher than those reported by NHANES Biomonitoring Data in children of the same age group. Nevertheless, there was little evidence for an association between urinary pesticide metabolites and general cognitive abilities.","**To request an accessible version of the file(s) associated with this item, contact library@buffalo.edu. Please include the item's persistent URL [http://hdl.handle.net/. . .] in your request.**"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/86738"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["epidemiology"],"dc:title":["Pyrethroid and Chlorpyrifos Exposure and IQ of Children from the Salud Ambiental Montevideo (SAM) Study in Uruguay"],"dc:type":["Text","Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:34Z"}