{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/83830"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/83830","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Low-Level Arsenic Exposure, B-Vitamins, and Neurodevelopment Among Uruguayan Schoolchildren","abstract":"Ph.D.","abstract_html":"Ph.D.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Desai, Gauri"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kordas, Katarzyna","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-06-17T19:54:30Z","date_published":"2022-06-17T19:54:30Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:28Z","subjects":["epidemiology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/83830","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kordas, Katarzyna","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Desai, Gauri"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2022-06-17T19:54:30Z","2020"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["epidemiology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/83830"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Ph.D.","Millions of children globally, including the U.S., are exposed to low levels of arsenic from water and food. Arsenic exposure, both at high and low levels, has been associated with adverse health outcomes in humans. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is the most common and toxic form of arsenic found in nature. It is a known neurotoxicant at high levels but its effects at lower exposure levels are understudied. The most well studied neurodevelopmental outcome in relation to both high and low levels of exposure has been general cognition, indicating a gap in knowledge regarding the association of arsenic exposure with specific cognitive domains. Detoxification of iAs occurs in the liver when it is methylated to form monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Lower proportions of iAs and MMA, and higher proportions of DMA in urine indicate efficient methylation. B-vitamin intake has been associated with efficient methylation among adults with high arsenic exposure. The role of B-vitamins in iAs methylation among children exposed to low-level arsenic is understudied. Furthermore, iAs methylation capacity is regarded as a susceptibility factor for several arsenic-induced adverse health outcomes, however, its role in the arsenic-neurodevelopmental association remains unclear. This study aimed to address these important gaps in knowledge. Specifically, the study aims were (i) to determine the association between B-vitamin intake, status and iAs methylation, (ii) to assess the association between low-level arsenic exposure and executive function among children, and the potential role of iAs methylation capacity and B-vitamin intake as effect modifiers, and (iii) to assess the association between low-level arsenic exposure and academic achievement among children, and the potential effect modification by iAs methylation capacity and B-vitamin intake.","**To request an accessible version of the file(s) associated with this item, contact library@buffalo.edu. Please include the item's persistent URL [http://hdl.handle.net/. . .] in your request.**"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Low-Level Arsenic Exposure, B-Vitamins, and Neurodevelopment Among Uruguayan Schoolchildren"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kordas, Katarzyna","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"],"dc:creator":["Desai, Gauri"],"dc:date":["2022-06-17T19:54:30Z","2020"],"dc:description":["Ph.D.","Millions of children globally, including the U.S., are exposed to low levels of arsenic from water and food. Arsenic exposure, both at high and low levels, has been associated with adverse health outcomes in humans. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is the most common and toxic form of arsenic found in nature. It is a known neurotoxicant at high levels but its effects at lower exposure levels are understudied. The most well studied neurodevelopmental outcome in relation to both high and low levels of exposure has been general cognition, indicating a gap in knowledge regarding the association of arsenic exposure with specific cognitive domains. Detoxification of iAs occurs in the liver when it is methylated to form monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Lower proportions of iAs and MMA, and higher proportions of DMA in urine indicate efficient methylation. B-vitamin intake has been associated with efficient methylation among adults with high arsenic exposure. The role of B-vitamins in iAs methylation among children exposed to low-level arsenic is understudied. Furthermore, iAs methylation capacity is regarded as a susceptibility factor for several arsenic-induced adverse health outcomes, however, its role in the arsenic-neurodevelopmental association remains unclear. This study aimed to address these important gaps in knowledge. Specifically, the study aims were (i) to determine the association between B-vitamin intake, status and iAs methylation, (ii) to assess the association between low-level arsenic exposure and executive function among children, and the potential role of iAs methylation capacity and B-vitamin intake as effect modifiers, and (iii) to assess the association between low-level arsenic exposure and academic achievement among children, and the potential effect modification by iAs methylation capacity and B-vitamin intake.","**To request an accessible version of the file(s) associated with this item, contact library@buffalo.edu. Please include the item's persistent URL [http://hdl.handle.net/. . .] in your request.**"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/83830"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["epidemiology"],"dc:title":["Low-Level Arsenic Exposure, B-Vitamins, and Neurodevelopment Among Uruguayan Schoolchildren"],"dc:type":["Text","Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:28Z"}