{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/80879"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/80879","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Spatial Analysis of Liver Bud, Heterogeneity in Endoderm Induction, Silencing Effect of Foxa1/2 in HepG2 Cells","abstract":"M.S.","abstract_html":"M.S.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mon, Tala; 0000-0003-4341-2120"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Parashurama, Natesh","Chemical and Biological Engineering"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-10-29T16:47:48Z","date_published":"2019-10-29T16:47:48Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:25Z","subjects":["bioengineering","bioinformatics","engineering"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/80879","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Parashurama, Natesh","Chemical and Biological Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Mon, Tala; 0000-0003-4341-2120"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-10-29T16:47:48Z","2019","2019-08-01 19:31:00"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["bioengineering","bioinformatics","engineering"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/80879"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["M.S.","Understanding embryonic liver development in spatial orientation and growth are key to reproducing the mechanisms involved in vitro. Current visualizations of embryonic liver development are limited by the use 2D sections to describe the processes required for proper development. In segmenting the developing liver regions along with surrounding tissues of previously published 3D datasets, a better visualization tool is developed, and an estimate of the volumes and growth patterns involved can be ascertained. The different stages of remodeling, growth, and interactions with the septum transverse mesenchyme revealed will contribute to better understanding of embryonic liver development and will advise the designs of attempts at replicating the process in vitro such as in liver organoids. Heterogeneity in definitive endoderm induction is a problem that has largely been ignored leading to inefficient transduction and specification into specific lineages such as hepatocytes or mature liver cells. Using RNA-Seq data, the relative gene expression between biological replicates can aid in understanding where the homogeneity is occurring and how the kinetics of specific markers may lead to certain outcomes. A heatmap was created to visualize the heterogeneity and revealed the problem to occur between batches of the same protocol and within the same lab in the induction of definitive endoderm. Master regulatory factors such as Foxa1 and Foxa2 has been known to affect the differentiation of definitive endoderm into hepatoblast and later hepatocytes. Knockdown in mice have demonstrated the requirement for Foxa1/2 in development. Using this knowledge, an attempt was made in dedifferentiating HepG2 cells by silencing both Foxa1 and Foxa2 using RNAi technologies. Maintenance in the expression of a key fetal liver marker, AFP, and the downregulation of Albumin suggest a possible immature hepatoblast state in only continuous knockdown of Foxa1/2. A better antibiotic selection and more efficient knockdown would aid in demonstrating the role Foxa1/2 has in endoderm differentiation and liver development. This could eliminate the requirement for the maintenance and differentiation of hESC if a population can be maintained in the definitive endoderm state using inducible factors for Foxa1/2 knockdown."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Spatial Analysis of Liver Bud, Heterogeneity in Endoderm Induction, Silencing Effect of Foxa1/2 in HepG2 Cells"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Parashurama, Natesh","Chemical and Biological Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Mon, Tala; 0000-0003-4341-2120"],"dc:date":["2019-10-29T16:47:48Z","2019","2019-08-01 19:31:00"],"dc:description":["M.S.","Understanding embryonic liver development in spatial orientation and growth are key to reproducing the mechanisms involved in vitro. Current visualizations of embryonic liver development are limited by the use 2D sections to describe the processes required for proper development. In segmenting the developing liver regions along with surrounding tissues of previously published 3D datasets, a better visualization tool is developed, and an estimate of the volumes and growth patterns involved can be ascertained. The different stages of remodeling, growth, and interactions with the septum transverse mesenchyme revealed will contribute to better understanding of embryonic liver development and will advise the designs of attempts at replicating the process in vitro such as in liver organoids. Heterogeneity in definitive endoderm induction is a problem that has largely been ignored leading to inefficient transduction and specification into specific lineages such as hepatocytes or mature liver cells. Using RNA-Seq data, the relative gene expression between biological replicates can aid in understanding where the homogeneity is occurring and how the kinetics of specific markers may lead to certain outcomes. A heatmap was created to visualize the heterogeneity and revealed the problem to occur between batches of the same protocol and within the same lab in the induction of definitive endoderm. Master regulatory factors such as Foxa1 and Foxa2 has been known to affect the differentiation of definitive endoderm into hepatoblast and later hepatocytes. Knockdown in mice have demonstrated the requirement for Foxa1/2 in development. Using this knowledge, an attempt was made in dedifferentiating HepG2 cells by silencing both Foxa1 and Foxa2 using RNAi technologies. Maintenance in the expression of a key fetal liver marker, AFP, and the downregulation of Albumin suggest a possible immature hepatoblast state in only continuous knockdown of Foxa1/2. A better antibiotic selection and more efficient knockdown would aid in demonstrating the role Foxa1/2 has in endoderm differentiation and liver development. This could eliminate the requirement for the maintenance and differentiation of hESC if a population can be maintained in the definitive endoderm state using inducible factors for Foxa1/2 knockdown."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/80879"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["bioengineering","bioinformatics","engineering"],"dc:title":["Spatial Analysis of Liver Bud, Heterogeneity in Endoderm Induction, Silencing Effect of Foxa1/2 in HepG2 Cells"],"dc:type":["Text","Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:25Z"}