{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/79401"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/79401","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Social Norms, Behavior Change Interventions, and Hand Hygiene Practice in Household, School and Community Settings","abstract":"Ph.D.","abstract_html":"Ph.D.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wichaidit, Wit; 0000-0003-2029-4934"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ram, Pavani","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-04-04T20:32:25Z","date_published":"2019-04-04T20:32:25Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:16Z","subjects":["epidemiology","public health"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79401","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ram, Pavani","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wichaidit, Wit; 0000-0003-2029-4934"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-04-04T20:32:25Z","2019","2019-01-15 15:07:50"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["epidemiology","public health"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79401"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Ph.D.","Low and middle-income countries face a high burden of infectious diseases, especially among young children. Hand hygiene, the act of washing one's hands with water and soap or cleaning the hands with waterless hand cleanser, disrupts pathogen transmission and prevents infectious disease. However, handwashing is infrequently practiced in households, schools and communities due to a number of physical and psychosocial factors. Physical factors include lack of access to water and soap, and difficulty in maintaining bar soap due to theft or loss. Psychosocial factors include low level of disgust, lack to motivation of wash hands, lack of handwashing habit formation, and lack of social norms on handwashing. Social norms are defined as informal rules that govern individual's behaviors. Social norms consist of two components: the perceived extent to which relevant others engage in the behavior (“empirical expectation”), and the perceived extent to which relevant others think the individual ought to engage in the behavior (“normative expectation”). However, several knowledge gaps remain. Firstly, no previous study has quantitatively measured social norms for handwashing, or assessed the association between social norms and handwashing outcomes. Secondly, there is a knowledge gap with regard to the effect of combined intervention that included a hardware component to improve access to water and soap and a behavior change component that aimed to increase disgust for unwashed hands and increase social norms for handwashing on handwashing outcomes in schools. Lastly, there are few evaluations of large-scale handwashing behavior change field trials that describe the effect of the intervention on handwashing outcomes in community settings."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Social Norms, Behavior Change Interventions, and Hand Hygiene Practice in Household, School and Community Settings"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ram, Pavani","Epidemiology and Environmental Health"],"dc:creator":["Wichaidit, Wit; 0000-0003-2029-4934"],"dc:date":["2019-04-04T20:32:25Z","2019","2019-01-15 15:07:50"],"dc:description":["Ph.D.","Low and middle-income countries face a high burden of infectious diseases, especially among young children. Hand hygiene, the act of washing one's hands with water and soap or cleaning the hands with waterless hand cleanser, disrupts pathogen transmission and prevents infectious disease. However, handwashing is infrequently practiced in households, schools and communities due to a number of physical and psychosocial factors. Physical factors include lack of access to water and soap, and difficulty in maintaining bar soap due to theft or loss. Psychosocial factors include low level of disgust, lack to motivation of wash hands, lack of handwashing habit formation, and lack of social norms on handwashing. Social norms are defined as informal rules that govern individual's behaviors. Social norms consist of two components: the perceived extent to which relevant others engage in the behavior (“empirical expectation”), and the perceived extent to which relevant others think the individual ought to engage in the behavior (“normative expectation”). However, several knowledge gaps remain. Firstly, no previous study has quantitatively measured social norms for handwashing, or assessed the association between social norms and handwashing outcomes. Secondly, there is a knowledge gap with regard to the effect of combined intervention that included a hardware component to improve access to water and soap and a behavior change component that aimed to increase disgust for unwashed hands and increase social norms for handwashing on handwashing outcomes in schools. Lastly, there are few evaluations of large-scale handwashing behavior change field trials that describe the effect of the intervention on handwashing outcomes in community settings."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79401"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["epidemiology","public health"],"dc:title":["Social Norms, Behavior Change Interventions, and Hand Hygiene Practice in Household, School and Community Settings"],"dc:type":["Text","Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:16Z"}