{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/79386"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/79386","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Levels of Monocyte/Macrophages Differentiation Cytokine IL-34 in Mouse Model of Sjögren’s Syndrome","abstract":"M.S.","abstract_html":"M.S.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Alharbi, Hazar"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kay, Jason","Oral Sciences"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-04-04T20:31:14Z","date_published":"2019-04-04T20:31:14Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:16Z","subjects":["dentistry"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79386","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kay, Jason","Oral Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Alharbi, Hazar"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-04-04T20:31:14Z","2019","2019-01-10 22:06:57"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["dentistry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79386"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["M.S.","Background: Innate immunity considered as the first line of defense against several pathogens and has a fundamental role in many autoimmune diseases. As part of innate immune cells, tissue-resident macrophages are important for both homeostasis and coordinating an immune response. In addition, monocytes/macrophages differentiation has essential role in inflammatory expansion in autoimmune diseases. IL-34 and CSF-1 are monocyte/macrophages differentiation cytokines that overlap with function. IL-34 is a known ligand for CSF1R that overexpressed in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and associated with the expansion of a subset of monocytic-lineage pro-inflammatory monocytes. SS is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affect middle aged female typically display salivary hypofunction (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye). Aim: To evaluate the expression and levels of IL-34 in different time points of development of SS in mouse models, as well as comparing IL-34 expression to CSF-1 and CSF-2. We hypothesize IL-34 levels are increased during the mouse model of SS development. Materials and Methods: Submandibular gland (SMG)tissue collected from female NOD. B10 mice and matched gender and age healthy BL/10 mice as controls. The tissue was collected at two different time points of SS development. ELISA assay used to test IL-34 release and actual presence in salivary gland tissue of SS mouse model and matched controls. Real-Time qPCR was performed to investigate the relative expressions of IL-34, CSF-1, and CSF-2 in two different time points of the disease progression. Results: IL-34 detected at low concentrations in SMG tissue of SS mouse model at advanced disease time point. No significant upregulation of IL-34 and CSF-1 in SMG tissue of SS mouse model compared with matched healthy controls either at pre-diseased condition nor at advanced disease. Interestingly, CSF-2 expression in SMG tissue of SS mouse model at advanced stage of disease showed significant difference in comparison with matched controls. Conclusion: These results suggest the presence of IL-34 in low concentration although further studies with larger sample size and more numbers of time points of the disease progression may reveal the significance of this cytokine in SS mouse model."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Levels of Monocyte/Macrophages Differentiation Cytokine IL-34 in Mouse Model of Sjögren’s Syndrome"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kay, Jason","Oral Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Alharbi, Hazar"],"dc:date":["2019-04-04T20:31:14Z","2019","2019-01-10 22:06:57"],"dc:description":["M.S.","Background: Innate immunity considered as the first line of defense against several pathogens and has a fundamental role in many autoimmune diseases. As part of innate immune cells, tissue-resident macrophages are important for both homeostasis and coordinating an immune response. In addition, monocytes/macrophages differentiation has essential role in inflammatory expansion in autoimmune diseases. IL-34 and CSF-1 are monocyte/macrophages differentiation cytokines that overlap with function. IL-34 is a known ligand for CSF1R that overexpressed in salivary glands of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) and associated with the expansion of a subset of monocytic-lineage pro-inflammatory monocytes. SS is a systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affect middle aged female typically display salivary hypofunction (dry mouth) and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye). Aim: To evaluate the expression and levels of IL-34 in different time points of development of SS in mouse models, as well as comparing IL-34 expression to CSF-1 and CSF-2. We hypothesize IL-34 levels are increased during the mouse model of SS development. Materials and Methods: Submandibular gland (SMG)tissue collected from female NOD. B10 mice and matched gender and age healthy BL/10 mice as controls. The tissue was collected at two different time points of SS development. ELISA assay used to test IL-34 release and actual presence in salivary gland tissue of SS mouse model and matched controls. Real-Time qPCR was performed to investigate the relative expressions of IL-34, CSF-1, and CSF-2 in two different time points of the disease progression. Results: IL-34 detected at low concentrations in SMG tissue of SS mouse model at advanced disease time point. No significant upregulation of IL-34 and CSF-1 in SMG tissue of SS mouse model compared with matched healthy controls either at pre-diseased condition nor at advanced disease. Interestingly, CSF-2 expression in SMG tissue of SS mouse model at advanced stage of disease showed significant difference in comparison with matched controls. Conclusion: These results suggest the presence of IL-34 in low concentration although further studies with larger sample size and more numbers of time points of the disease progression may reveal the significance of this cytokine in SS mouse model."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79386"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["dentistry"],"dc:title":["Levels of Monocyte/Macrophages Differentiation Cytokine IL-34 in Mouse Model of Sjögren’s Syndrome"],"dc:type":["Text","Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:16Z"}