{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/79302"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/79302","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Beyond Us and Them: Empathy, Justice, and Gender in Early Modern Allegory","abstract":"Ph.D.","abstract_html":"Ph.D.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Park, Kyungran"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Hammill, Graham","English"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-04-02T17:10:39Z","date_published":"2019-04-02T17:10:39Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:14Z","subjects":["English literature"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79302","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Hammill, Graham","English"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Park, Kyungran"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2019-04-02T17:10:39Z","2019","2019-01-18 23:49:52"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["English literature"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79302"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Ph.D.","My dissertation investigates empathy, or the brain’s registration of the bodily response of sympathy, in early modern allegory. Departing from the binary oppositions between the modern novelistic character and the pre-modern allegorical agent, I propose that a narrative technique of empathy configures a mode of interconnected interiority, particularly in the genre of allegory. As opposed to a stereotypical model in which an author imposes meanings through agents within the text, I propose an empathetic model in which she regularly interacts with the characters. An empathetic alignment between character and author thereby revises previous judgments of good and evil as she writes. With its bodily counterpart sympathy, empathy is often interpreted as a feminized category in the genre of allegory, as fellow feelings between characters may seem an extraneous or superfluous voice. However, scholars like Paul de Man argue that allegory’s double structure of tenor and vehicle inherently entails incoherence or even a violent tension between meaning and surface. As yet to be conscious yet still registered in brain, empathy is located in an in-between place between bodily sympathy and conscious judgment, mobilizing change in the latter through feeling the former. Approaching the works of Edmund Spenser to Phineas Fletcher to John Milton to John Bunyan, this dissertation investigates these authors’ diverse narrative techniques of empathy, which I argue generates a debate about correct attitudes about free will, agency and obedience, which become framed through discussions of good and evil. This embedding of empathy appears as a reflection of the debates surrounding the Reformation, the English Civil War and individuality in the early modern period."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Beyond Us and Them: Empathy, Justice, and Gender in Early Modern Allegory"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Hammill, Graham","English"],"dc:creator":["Park, Kyungran"],"dc:date":["2019-04-02T17:10:39Z","2019","2019-01-18 23:49:52"],"dc:description":["Ph.D.","My dissertation investigates empathy, or the brain’s registration of the bodily response of sympathy, in early modern allegory. Departing from the binary oppositions between the modern novelistic character and the pre-modern allegorical agent, I propose that a narrative technique of empathy configures a mode of interconnected interiority, particularly in the genre of allegory. As opposed to a stereotypical model in which an author imposes meanings through agents within the text, I propose an empathetic model in which she regularly interacts with the characters. An empathetic alignment between character and author thereby revises previous judgments of good and evil as she writes. With its bodily counterpart sympathy, empathy is often interpreted as a feminized category in the genre of allegory, as fellow feelings between characters may seem an extraneous or superfluous voice. However, scholars like Paul de Man argue that allegory’s double structure of tenor and vehicle inherently entails incoherence or even a violent tension between meaning and surface. As yet to be conscious yet still registered in brain, empathy is located in an in-between place between bodily sympathy and conscious judgment, mobilizing change in the latter through feeling the former. Approaching the works of Edmund Spenser to Phineas Fletcher to John Milton to John Bunyan, this dissertation investigates these authors’ diverse narrative techniques of empathy, which I argue generates a debate about correct attitudes about free will, agency and obedience, which become framed through discussions of good and evil. This embedding of empathy appears as a reflection of the debates surrounding the Reformation, the English Civil War and individuality in the early modern period."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/79302"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["English literature"],"dc:title":["Beyond Us and Them: Empathy, Justice, and Gender in Early Modern Allegory"],"dc:type":["Text","Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:14Z"}