{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/78552"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/78552","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Short Term Effect of Botulinum Toxin A among Individuals with Headache Attributed to TMD: A Pilot Study","abstract":"M.S.","abstract_html":"M.S.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Khan, Maria"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Gonzalez-Stucker, Yoly","Oral Sciences"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-10-26T02:55:21Z","date_published":"2018-10-26T02:55:21Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:12Z","subjects":["dentistry"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/78552","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Gonzalez-Stucker, Yoly","Oral Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Khan, Maria"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-10-26T02:55:21Z","2018","2018-08-02 14:45:04"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["dentistry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/78552"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["M.S.","Introduction: Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum toxins’ main motor mechanism of action is the inhibition of acetylcholine neurotransmitter release at presynaptic nerve terminals, which results in a reduction of muscle fiber activity. Independent of the neuromuscular effects, botulinum toxin has been suggested to have analgesic properties. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve the temporomandibular joints, the masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Common manifestations of pain related TMD are pain of a persistent, recurring, or chronic nature, limitation in the range of mandibular movement and joint sounds. There have been some reports of the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A in the management of refractory masticatory muscle pain disorders in TMD, however there have been no studies published evaluating the effect of this toxin on headaches attributed to TMD. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of this intervention on pain in this specific TMD diagnostic group. Aim: To determine the short-term effect of botulinum toxin type A on pain among individuals with headaches attributed to TMD. Methods: A total of 10 adult females with headache attributed to TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) were included in this study. The protocol included two visits 12 weeks apart with a phone interview at 6 weeks. At the visits, 25 units of botulinum toxin A were injected in each temporalis muscle. Each subject also filled out the Graded Chronic Pain Scale questionnaire and maintained a daily pain diary for the duration of the study. The following variables were evaluated; characteristic pain intensity (CPI), daily pain intensity and number of headaches days. Results: The maximum pain reduction was observed at week 3 with a maintained trend until week 12. Consistent findings were observed when using daily pain intensity as the outcome measurement. More than a 50% reduction of pain intensity was clearly reported by the participants. There was also a mean reduction in headache days, specifically a reduction of 10 headache-days in the temple region and a 16-day reduction in other headaches. Conclusion: Use of a modified botulinum toxin A protocol for headaches attributed to TMD resulted in a reduction in CPI, daily pain intensity and a reduction in headache days."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Short Term Effect of Botulinum Toxin A among Individuals with Headache Attributed to TMD: A Pilot Study"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Gonzalez-Stucker, Yoly","Oral Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Khan, Maria"],"dc:date":["2018-10-26T02:55:21Z","2018","2018-08-02 14:45:04"],"dc:description":["M.S.","Introduction: Botulinum toxin is a protein produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum toxins’ main motor mechanism of action is the inhibition of acetylcholine neurotransmitter release at presynaptic nerve terminals, which results in a reduction of muscle fiber activity. Independent of the neuromuscular effects, botulinum toxin has been suggested to have analgesic properties. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) encompass a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve the temporomandibular joints, the masticatory muscles, and associated structures. Common manifestations of pain related TMD are pain of a persistent, recurring, or chronic nature, limitation in the range of mandibular movement and joint sounds. There have been some reports of the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A in the management of refractory masticatory muscle pain disorders in TMD, however there have been no studies published evaluating the effect of this toxin on headaches attributed to TMD. Therefore, this study evaluates the effect of this intervention on pain in this specific TMD diagnostic group. Aim: To determine the short-term effect of botulinum toxin type A on pain among individuals with headaches attributed to TMD. Methods: A total of 10 adult females with headache attributed to TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) were included in this study. The protocol included two visits 12 weeks apart with a phone interview at 6 weeks. At the visits, 25 units of botulinum toxin A were injected in each temporalis muscle. Each subject also filled out the Graded Chronic Pain Scale questionnaire and maintained a daily pain diary for the duration of the study. The following variables were evaluated; characteristic pain intensity (CPI), daily pain intensity and number of headaches days. Results: The maximum pain reduction was observed at week 3 with a maintained trend until week 12. Consistent findings were observed when using daily pain intensity as the outcome measurement. More than a 50% reduction of pain intensity was clearly reported by the participants. There was also a mean reduction in headache days, specifically a reduction of 10 headache-days in the temple region and a 16-day reduction in other headaches. Conclusion: Use of a modified botulinum toxin A protocol for headaches attributed to TMD resulted in a reduction in CPI, daily pain intensity and a reduction in headache days."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/78552"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["dentistry"],"dc:title":["Short Term Effect of Botulinum Toxin A among Individuals with Headache Attributed to TMD: A Pilot Study"],"dc:type":["Text","Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:12Z"}