{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/78088"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/78088","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Philtrum Dimension Changes Associated with Extraction Orthodontic Treatment","abstract":"M.S.","abstract_html":"M.S.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Zhu, Xing"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Al-Jewair, Thikriat","Orthodontics"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-06-28T20:33:52Z","date_published":"2018-06-28T20:33:52Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:07Z","subjects":["dentistry"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/78088","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Al-Jewair, Thikriat","Orthodontics"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Zhu, Xing"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-06-28T20:33:52Z","2018","2018-05-17 22:16:44"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["dentistry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/78088"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["M.S.","Objectives: To assess and compare philtrum dimension changes among Class I and II orthodontic patients who received either extraction or non-extraction treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of patients who completed treatment at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine orthodontic department from June 2013 to June 2016. A total of 45 extraction and 45 non-extraction orthodontic patients were included based on preset inclusion/exclusion criteria. For each patient, 11 hard and soft tissue landmarks were identified and 11 linear and angular measurements were calculated on lateral cephalograms. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the upper lip length and U1 – SN between extraction and non-extraction groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.019). A high negative correlation was found between upper lip length and upper lip thickness change in the extraction Class II group. Conclusions: The data suggests non-extraction Class II patients had longer lip length at the end of treatment compared to both groups of patients who had either Angle Class I or II and had underwent extractions of the premolars (p < 0.05). In terms of the dimensional changes of the philtrum, there were no statistically significant differences in both the length and thickness between the groups."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Philtrum Dimension Changes Associated with Extraction Orthodontic Treatment"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Al-Jewair, Thikriat","Orthodontics"],"dc:creator":["Zhu, Xing"],"dc:date":["2018-06-28T20:33:52Z","2018","2018-05-17 22:16:44"],"dc:description":["M.S.","Objectives: To assess and compare philtrum dimension changes among Class I and II orthodontic patients who received either extraction or non-extraction treatment. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of patients who completed treatment at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine orthodontic department from June 2013 to June 2016. A total of 45 extraction and 45 non-extraction orthodontic patients were included based on preset inclusion/exclusion criteria. For each patient, 11 hard and soft tissue landmarks were identified and 11 linear and angular measurements were calculated on lateral cephalograms. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the upper lip length and U1 – SN between extraction and non-extraction groups (p = 0.002 and p = 0.019). A high negative correlation was found between upper lip length and upper lip thickness change in the extraction Class II group. Conclusions: The data suggests non-extraction Class II patients had longer lip length at the end of treatment compared to both groups of patients who had either Angle Class I or II and had underwent extractions of the premolars (p < 0.05). In terms of the dimensional changes of the philtrum, there were no statistically significant differences in both the length and thickness between the groups."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/78088"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["dentistry"],"dc:title":["Philtrum Dimension Changes Associated with Extraction Orthodontic Treatment"],"dc:type":["Text","Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:07Z"}