{"id":{"repo_id":"buffalo","oai_identifier":"oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/77975"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/buffalo/oai:ubir.buffalo.edu:10477/77975","repository":{"repo_id":"buffalo","name":"Buffalo","base_url":"https://ubir.buffalo.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Pressurization-induced Failure of Deforming Lava Domes: Theory, Experiment, and Application","abstract":"Ph.D.","abstract_html":"Ph.D.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hyman, David; 0000-0002-9607-7584"],"institution":"State University of New York at Buffalo","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Gregg, Tracy","Geology"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-06-28T20:32:06Z","date_published":"2018-06-28T20:32:06Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:05Z","subjects":["geophysics","fluid mechanics","applied mathematics"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10477/77975","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Gregg, Tracy","Geology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hyman, David; 0000-0002-9607-7584"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018-06-28T20:32:06Z","2018","2018-05-02 13:58:48"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["State University of New York at Buffalo"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text","Dissertation"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["geophysics","fluid mechanics","applied mathematics"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/77975"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Ph.D.","Eruptions of lava domes are typically characterized as volatile-poor relative to explosive eruptions; however, the transport and storage of gases within lava domes plays a critical role in dome stability and explosivity as well as behavior of the magmatic system overall. Theoretical, experimental, and geophysical techniques are developed in the present work to provide insight on the state and dynamics of pressurization within lava domes, the amount of gas flowing in the system, the nature of deformation caused by pore fluids , and the evolution of domes to a critical state of failure. Towards the goal of constraining the quantity and behavior of dome degassing, a method for estimation of the degassing flow rate from forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images is developed and presented using FLIR data collected at Volcan Popocatepetl, Mexico. It is shown that over timescales of hours, the signal of degassing is oscillatory with dominant oscillation modes distributed in the band 10 2 - 103 s in good agreement with previously published estimates of degassing made across a range of volcanic systems. Due to the apparent ubiquity of this behavior across many settings and the approximate stability of the oscillations over timescales of many oscillations, the pulsatory supply of gas is inferred to originate at depth. Under the assumption of a rigid dome, the oscillating flux causes the generation of diffusive waves which decay as they propagate towards the surface of the dome. This decay is more pronounced for faster oscillations, implying that sufficiently fast oscillations cannot propagate through the full thickness of the lava dome with any measurable magnitude, effectively filtering them from observable degassing signals . In deformable porous media, the pore pressure and matrix porosity exhibit dynamic feedback mechanisms which cause self-reinforced deformation of the matrix due to a sudden pressure source. Experiments of pore pressurization in a simple layer of porous medium (sand) presented here confirm this and show that such systems evolve to a state of material failure. In viscously deformable domes, these feedback mechanisms can generate fluid instability naturally, without an imposed excess pressure source . This instability is caused by gradients in the background porosity field which balance the background state of magmastatic pressure. These gradients are larger for thicker lavas domes and consequently the instability occurs more readily for thicker domes. The fact that lava domes tend to thicken with additional extrusion over time constitutes an increasing likelihood of instability onset. Numerical solutions show that the fluid instability causes the generation of apparently non-dissipative waves which exhibit nonlinear propagation behaviors such as profile steepening and shock formation. Using a model of porosity-dependent lava fragmentation , these waves are shown to generate lava fragmentation across a range of underlying physical parameters of the lava dome in a pattern which is remarkably similar to natural data on dome survival from Volcan Popocatepetl."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Pressurization-induced Failure of Deforming Lava Domes: Theory, Experiment, and Application"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Gregg, Tracy","Geology"],"dc:creator":["Hyman, David; 0000-0002-9607-7584"],"dc:date":["2018-06-28T20:32:06Z","2018","2018-05-02 13:58:48"],"dc:description":["Ph.D.","Eruptions of lava domes are typically characterized as volatile-poor relative to explosive eruptions; however, the transport and storage of gases within lava domes plays a critical role in dome stability and explosivity as well as behavior of the magmatic system overall. Theoretical, experimental, and geophysical techniques are developed in the present work to provide insight on the state and dynamics of pressurization within lava domes, the amount of gas flowing in the system, the nature of deformation caused by pore fluids , and the evolution of domes to a critical state of failure. Towards the goal of constraining the quantity and behavior of dome degassing, a method for estimation of the degassing flow rate from forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images is developed and presented using FLIR data collected at Volcan Popocatepetl, Mexico. It is shown that over timescales of hours, the signal of degassing is oscillatory with dominant oscillation modes distributed in the band 10 2 - 103 s in good agreement with previously published estimates of degassing made across a range of volcanic systems. Due to the apparent ubiquity of this behavior across many settings and the approximate stability of the oscillations over timescales of many oscillations, the pulsatory supply of gas is inferred to originate at depth. Under the assumption of a rigid dome, the oscillating flux causes the generation of diffusive waves which decay as they propagate towards the surface of the dome. This decay is more pronounced for faster oscillations, implying that sufficiently fast oscillations cannot propagate through the full thickness of the lava dome with any measurable magnitude, effectively filtering them from observable degassing signals . In deformable porous media, the pore pressure and matrix porosity exhibit dynamic feedback mechanisms which cause self-reinforced deformation of the matrix due to a sudden pressure source. Experiments of pore pressurization in a simple layer of porous medium (sand) presented here confirm this and show that such systems evolve to a state of material failure. In viscously deformable domes, these feedback mechanisms can generate fluid instability naturally, without an imposed excess pressure source . This instability is caused by gradients in the background porosity field which balance the background state of magmastatic pressure. These gradients are larger for thicker lavas domes and consequently the instability occurs more readily for thicker domes. The fact that lava domes tend to thicken with additional extrusion over time constitutes an increasing likelihood of instability onset. Numerical solutions show that the fluid instability causes the generation of apparently non-dissipative waves which exhibit nonlinear propagation behaviors such as profile steepening and shock formation. Using a model of porosity-dependent lava fragmentation , these waves are shown to generate lava fragmentation across a range of underlying physical parameters of the lava dome in a pattern which is remarkably similar to natural data on dome survival from Volcan Popocatepetl."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["http://hdl.handle.net/10477/77975"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["State University of New York at Buffalo"],"dc:rights":["Users of works found in University at Buffalo Institutional Repository (UBIR) are responsible for identifying and contacting the copyright owner for permission to reuse. University at Buffalo Libraries do not manage rights for copyright-protected works and cannot assist with permissions.","Copyright retained by author."],"dc:subject":["geophysics","fluid mechanics","applied mathematics"],"dc:title":["Pressurization-induced Failure of Deforming Lava Domes: Theory, Experiment, and Application"],"dc:type":["Text","Dissertation"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:05:05Z"}