Linkage fine-mapping, GWAS and QTLs affecting morpho-agronomic traits of a common bean RIL population
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most cultivated and consumed legumes worldwide. It is a relatively inexpensive source of protein and nutrients, establishing itself as an important food in maintaining food security on the world. In this sense, genetic breeding is essential to obtain more productive cultivars, with plant architecture more adequate to the harvesting systems, with a cycle suitable to the regions of production, and grain type compatible with the requirements of the local market. An auxiliary tool in plant breeding is the DNA marker-assisted selection. Linkage mapping (LM) is the most common approach to detect molecular markers associated to quantitative trait loci (QTL). The abundance of molecular markers in the genome of the species made of association mapping (AM) a new methodology to QTLs detection. An important association mapping (AM) methodology is the genome wide association study (GWAS). In this context, the Common Bean Breeding Program of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) developed a population consisting of 376 RILs, obtained from the crossing between Rudá and AND 277, to construct a genetic map and detect QTLs related to seven morpho-agronomic traits using these two methodologies. Another objective was to know the biological function of these QTLs by their location in relation to candidate genes with biological functions that related to the traits of these QTLs. The population was genotyped with 3,098 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers and phenotyped in the field conditions for the trais number of days to flowering (DF) and to maturity (DM), plant architecture (ARC), seed yield (YLD), degree of seed flatness (SF), seed shape (SS), and 100- seed weight (SW). A genetic map with 1,962 SNPs, spanning a total size of 1,065.48 cM, was obtained by linkage analysis. In addition, 29 QTLs were detected for the seven characteristics distributed on the 11 chromosomes, which explained from 3.83 to 32.92% of the phenotypic variation. In gene annotation, four sequences of SNPs identified as linked to QTLs were related to 18 genes with known biological function. 112 SNPs/QTLs related to the traits evaluated were detected in all chromosomes by genome wide association study (GWAS), except to chromosomes 06 and 07. Some of these QTLs were positioned near or within candidate genes with biological function that were related to the morpho-agronomic traits evaluated. It is concluded that the population size of RA RILs (376 lines) allowed to obtain a genetic map with accurate estimates of recombination frequency. The number of markers used in this study provided good saturation in all chromosomes, which allowed the efficiently and reliably QTL detection by linkage mapping and GWAS. The candidate genes located in the regions of these QTLs corroborate their potential in the marker-assisted selection for these seven morpho-agronomic traits.
Feijão - Melhoramento genético, Mapeamento genômico vegetal, Polimorfismo (Genética)
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