Perfil clínico, epidemiológico e sobrevida dos transplantados com células-tronco hematopoéticas
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is used as a treatment strategy for a series of inherited or acquired malignant and non-malignant diseases, with the possibility of cure or increase in disease-free survival. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients who underwent HSCT at a referral service in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), to estimate the overall survival of transplant recipients and to identify therapies that favor increased overall survival. The first part occurred with the reference service of the state of the RN to perform the HSCT. This is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive and analytical, hospital-based quantitative study that addressed 272 patients who underwent HSCT. The data were collected in the Medical Record and Statistic Service between March and September 2016 through medical records recorded between the years 2008 and 2015, eight years of execution of the procedure. For the descriptive analysis, statistical free software R version 3.0.0 was used and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival probabilities using the Statistic Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. The trend chi-square test was used to calculate the probability of association between the characteristics analyzed and the deaths. The second part of the study was the construction of a Systematic Review (SR) of the literature on the therapies that favor the increase in the survival of patients who underwent HSCT. The Research Protocol was approved in its ethical and methodological aspects by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, with approval on July 1, 2015, under no. 1,132,720 and CAAE no. 46202715.7.0000.5537. Of the 272 patient charts analyzed, there was a predominance of males 52.94%, with a mean of 38.69 years, 18.38% were brown and 47.06% married. According to the clinical characteristics, 23.16% had as main diagnosis Multiple Myeloma, the most developed toxicities were gastrointestinal (93.38%), all patients received treatment with antineoplastics, the most frequently performed HSCT was (54.78%) with peripheral blood cells (77.94%) and related donor (71.81%). About 9% of the patients had more than one HSCT, 4.04% developed the Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD), of which 54.55% presented the chronic type, the most registered cause of death in the death certificates was Septic shock (48.19%) and overall survival of transplanted patients was 4.03 months, with no statistically significant difference when patients were compared according to sex (p = 0.859). Regarding the SR findings, it was not possible to identify a consensus to define the best form of treatment to favor the increase in overall survival in the reviewed studies. The choice of appropriate therapy will depend especially on the clinical characteristics presented by individuals. However, in general, the therapeutic plans used by the experimental arm of the analyzed clinical trials obtained better answers to increase the overall survival of the individuals tested. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a need to carry out other multicenter studies that present the epidemiological and clinical profiles of HSCT in Brazil, since these make it possible to problematize reality and to publish reliable evidence to update scientific knowledge.
Análise de sobrevida, Assistência à saúde, Epidemiologia, Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas, Transplante de medula óssea
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