{"id":{"repo_id":"bradford","oai_identifier":"oai:bradscholars.brad.ac.uk:10454/20888"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/bradford/oai:bradscholars.brad.ac.uk:10454/20888","repository":{"repo_id":"bradford","name":"University of Bradford","base_url":"https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-cancer effect of a Novel Formulation from Umbilical Cord Blood Stem CellDerived Exosomes and Retinoic acid as a potential therapeutic candidate against Malignant Melanoma","abstract":"This study focused on two potential therapeutic modalities with good safety profiles, i.e., Retinoic acid (RA) and Umbilical cord blood stem cell (CBSC)-derived exosomes as an anti-cancer drug. The current in vitro study has evaluated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes, either alone or combined, on lymphocytes from healthy individuals and melanoma patients and on the CHL-1 and FM55 melanoma cell lines. The optimal doses were identified as 10 µM for RA and 120 µl of 107 particles/ml for CBSC-derived exosomes. Both doses significantly exerted cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on FM55 and CHL-1 melanoma cells compared to lymphocytes from healthy and melanoma patients where both treatments showed genoprotective effect (***p<0.001) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UVA+B (1.2mW/cm2). Moreover, RA rescued DNA damage caused by oxidative stress in both healthy and melanoma lymphocytes. However, in both melanoma cell lines, RA aggravated the genotoxic effect (***p<0.001). Similar results were observed with the CBSC-derived exosomes treatment (***p<0.001). The combined treatment (10 µM RA + 120 µl of 107 particles/ml CBSC-derived exosomes) synergistically increased observed DNA damage in both melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the findings from Western blotting support the RT-qPCR results and the level of upregulation of Caspase-3, P53 and P21 was slightly higher using Western blotting compared to the RT-qPCR and significant initiation of apoptosis was evident in all treatment groups with downregulation of S100 and Bcl-2, particularly for the combined treatment of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes. Therefore, significant activation of p53-mediated apoptosis was detected in FM55 and CHL1 melanoma cells.","abstract_html":"This study focused on two potential therapeutic modalities with good safety profiles, i.e., Retinoic acid (RA) and Umbilical cord blood stem cell (CBSC)-derived exosomes as an anti-cancer drug. The current in vitro study has evaluated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes, either alone or combined, on lymphocytes from healthy individuals and melanoma patients and on the CHL-1 and FM55 melanoma cell lines. The optimal doses were identified as 10 µM for RA and 120 µl of 107 particles/ml for CBSC-derived exosomes. Both doses significantly exerted cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on FM55 and CHL-1 melanoma cells compared to lymphocytes from healthy and melanoma patients where both treatments showed genoprotective effect (***p<0.001) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UVA+B (1.2mW/cm2). Moreover, RA rescued DNA damage caused by oxidative stress in both healthy and melanoma lymphocytes. However, in both melanoma cell lines, RA aggravated the genotoxic effect (***p<0.001). Similar results were observed with the CBSC-derived exosomes treatment (***p<0.001). The combined treatment (10 µM RA + 120 µl of 107 particles/ml CBSC-derived exosomes) synergistically increased observed DNA damage in both melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the findings from Western blotting support the RT-qPCR results and the level of upregulation of Caspase-3, P53 and P21 was slightly higher using Western blotting compared to the RT-qPCR and significant initiation of apoptosis was evident in all treatment groups with downregulation of S100 and Bcl-2, particularly for the combined treatment of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes. Therefore, significant activation of p53-mediated apoptosis was detected in FM55 and CHL1 melanoma cells.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Masood, Ayesha"],"institution":"University of Bradford","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Najafzadeh, Mojgan","Kauser, Sobia"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":null,"date_issued":"","date_published":null,"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:13:34Z","subjects":["Malignant melanoma","Retinol","Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes","Skin cancer","Comet assay","Western blotting","RT–qPCR","CCK8 assay","Anti-cancer"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["\"Creative
The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/handle/10454/20888","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Najafzadeh, Mojgan","Kauser, Sobia"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Masood, Ayesha"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2026-04-29T15:32:21Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-04-29T15:32:21Z"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["School of Chemistry & Biosciences. Faculty of Life Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Bradford"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["PhD"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Malignant melanoma","Retinol","Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes","Skin cancer","Comet assay","Western blotting","RT–qPCR","CCK8 assay","Anti-cancer"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["\"Creative
The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/handle/10454/20888"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study focused on two potential therapeutic modalities with good safety profiles, i.e., Retinoic acid (RA) and Umbilical cord blood stem cell (CBSC)-derived exosomes as an anti-cancer drug. The current in vitro study has evaluated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes, either alone or combined, on lymphocytes from healthy individuals and melanoma patients and on the CHL-1 and FM55 melanoma cell lines. The optimal doses were identified as 10 µM for RA and 120 µl of 107 particles/ml for CBSC-derived exosomes. Both doses significantly exerted cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on FM55 and CHL-1 melanoma cells compared to lymphocytes from healthy and melanoma patients where both treatments showed genoprotective effect (***p<0.001) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UVA+B (1.2mW/cm2). Moreover, RA rescued DNA damage caused by oxidative stress in both healthy and melanoma lymphocytes. However, in both melanoma cell lines, RA aggravated the genotoxic effect (***p<0.001). Similar results were observed with the CBSC-derived exosomes treatment (***p<0.001). The combined treatment (10 µM RA + 120 µl of 107 particles/ml CBSC-derived exosomes) synergistically increased observed DNA damage in both melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the findings from Western blotting support the RT-qPCR results and the level of upregulation of Caspase-3, P53 and P21 was slightly higher using Western blotting compared to the RT-qPCR and significant initiation of apoptosis was evident in all treatment groups with downregulation of S100 and Bcl-2, particularly for the combined treatment of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes. Therefore, significant activation of p53-mediated apoptosis was detected in FM55 and CHL1 melanoma cells."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Evaluation of Anti-cancer effect of a Novel Formulation from Umbilical Cord Blood Stem CellDerived Exosomes and Retinoic acid as a potential therapeutic candidate against Malignant Melanoma"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Najafzadeh, Mojgan","Kauser, Sobia"],"dc:creator":["Masood, Ayesha"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2026-04-29T15:32:21Z"],"dc:date.available":["2026-04-29T15:32:21Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study focused on two potential therapeutic modalities with good safety profiles, i.e., Retinoic acid (RA) and Umbilical cord blood stem cell (CBSC)-derived exosomes as an anti-cancer drug. The current in vitro study has evaluated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes, either alone or combined, on lymphocytes from healthy individuals and melanoma patients and on the CHL-1 and FM55 melanoma cell lines. The optimal doses were identified as 10 µM for RA and 120 µl of 107 particles/ml for CBSC-derived exosomes. Both doses significantly exerted cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on FM55 and CHL-1 melanoma cells compared to lymphocytes from healthy and melanoma patients where both treatments showed genoprotective effect (***p<0.001) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UVA+B (1.2mW/cm2). Moreover, RA rescued DNA damage caused by oxidative stress in both healthy and melanoma lymphocytes. However, in both melanoma cell lines, RA aggravated the genotoxic effect (***p<0.001). Similar results were observed with the CBSC-derived exosomes treatment (***p<0.001). The combined treatment (10 µM RA + 120 µl of 107 particles/ml CBSC-derived exosomes) synergistically increased observed DNA damage in both melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the findings from Western blotting support the RT-qPCR results and the level of upregulation of Caspase-3, P53 and P21 was slightly higher using Western blotting compared to the RT-qPCR and significant initiation of apoptosis was evident in all treatment groups with downregulation of S100 and Bcl-2, particularly for the combined treatment of RA and CBSC-derived exosomes. Therefore, significant activation of p53-mediated apoptosis was detected in FM55 and CHL1 melanoma cells."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://bradscholars.brad.ac.uk/handle/10454/20888"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher.department":["School of Chemistry & Biosciences. Faculty of Life Sciences"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Bradford"],"dc:rights":["\"Creative
The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a Creative Commons Licence."],"dc:subject":["Malignant melanoma","Retinol","Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes","Skin cancer","Comet assay","Western blotting","RT–qPCR","CCK8 assay","Anti-cancer"],"dc:title":["Evaluation of Anti-cancer effect of a Novel Formulation from Umbilical Cord Blood Stem CellDerived Exosomes and Retinoic acid as a potential therapeutic candidate against Malignant Melanoma"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["PhD"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:13:34Z"}