{"id":{"repo_id":"birmingham","oai_identifier":"oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:1635"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/birmingham/oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:1635","repository":{"repo_id":"birmingham","name":"University of Birmingham","base_url":"https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Analysis of biological pathways, associated with orthodontic force, using multiplex arrays","abstract":"Objective - investigate tissue changes induced by orthodontic forces at tension and compression sites. Methods - Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF), was collected from maxillary canines and second molars from volunteers (n=21), before appliance placement and tooth extraction (B); 3 months into orthodontic treatment (T1); at 4 hours (T2); 1 week (T3); and 6 weeks (T4) after application of a canine distalising force. Periodontal health, plaque scores, canine movement and GCF volumes were recorded. Cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF), tissue (MMP-9, TIMP-1 and 2) and bone metabolism (RANKL, OPG) biomarkers were measured. Results –IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, MMP-9 increased in canine tension sites and TIMPs 1 and 2 from T2-T4, canine compression sites showed increases in IL-1β and IL-8 only at T2, MMP-9 at T3 and T4 and RANKL at T4. GCF volume increased T2 - T4, but plaque and periodontal measures did not. Conclusions - Significant changes in the profile of several biomarkers consistant with tissue remodelling were seen. Differences between tension and compression sites were not statistically significant. TNFα, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-8 correlated with the rate of tooth movement. MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 correlated with tooth movement 4 hours after the distalising force was applied.","abstract_html":"Objective - investigate tissue changes induced by orthodontic forces at tension and compression sites. Methods - Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF), was collected from maxillary canines and second molars from volunteers (n=21), before appliance placement and tooth extraction (B); 3 months into orthodontic treatment (T1); at 4 hours (T2); 1 week (T3); and 6 weeks (T4) after application of a canine distalising force. Periodontal health, plaque scores, canine movement and GCF volumes were recorded. Cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF), tissue (MMP-9, TIMP-1 and 2) and bone metabolism (RANKL, OPG) biomarkers were measured. Results –IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, MMP-9 increased in canine tension sites and TIMPs 1 and 2 from T2-T4, canine compression sites showed increases in IL-1β and IL-8 only at T2, MMP-9 at T3 and T4 and RANKL at T4. GCF volume increased T2 - T4, but plaque and periodontal measures did not. Conclusions - Significant changes in the profile of several biomarkers consistant with tissue remodelling were seen. Differences between tension and compression sites were not statistically significant. TNFα, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-8 correlated with the rate of tooth movement. MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 correlated with tooth movement 4 hours after the distalising force was applied.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wilson, Jay Louise"],"institution":"University of Birmingham","degree_name":"m_ph","degree_level":"m_ph","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-07","date_published":"2011-07","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:11:37Z","subjects":["RK Dentistry"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.sponsor","label":"Sponsor","values":["na"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wilson, Jay Louise"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011-07"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2011-07"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["College of Medical & Dental Sciences","School of Dentistry"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Birmingham"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1635/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["m_ph"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["m_ph"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["RK Dentistry"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1635/1/Wilson11MPhil.pdf","http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1635/2/Decl_IS_Wilson11MPhil.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Objective - investigate tissue changes induced by orthodontic forces at tension and compression sites. Methods - Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF), was collected from maxillary canines and second molars from volunteers (n=21), before appliance placement and tooth extraction (B); 3 months into orthodontic treatment (T1); at 4 hours (T2); 1 week (T3); and 6 weeks (T4) after application of a canine distalising force. Periodontal health, plaque scores, canine movement and GCF volumes were recorded. Cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF), tissue (MMP-9, TIMP-1 and 2) and bone metabolism (RANKL, OPG) biomarkers were measured. Results –IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, MMP-9 increased in canine tension sites and TIMPs 1 and 2 from T2-T4, canine compression sites showed increases in IL-1β and IL-8 only at T2, MMP-9 at T3 and T4 and RANKL at T4. GCF volume increased T2 - T4, but plaque and periodontal measures did not. Conclusions - Significant changes in the profile of several biomarkers consistant with tissue remodelling were seen. Differences between tension and compression sites were not statistically significant. TNFα, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-8 correlated with the rate of tooth movement. MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 correlated with tooth movement 4 hours after the distalising force was applied."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Analysis of biological pathways, associated with orthodontic force, using multiplex arrays"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.sponsor":["na"],"dc:creator":["Wilson, Jay Louise"],"dc:date":["2011-07"],"dc:date.issued":["2011-07"],"dc:description.abstract":["Objective - investigate tissue changes induced by orthodontic forces at tension and compression sites. Methods - Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF), was collected from maxillary canines and second molars from volunteers (n=21), before appliance placement and tooth extraction (B); 3 months into orthodontic treatment (T1); at 4 hours (T2); 1 week (T3); and 6 weeks (T4) after application of a canine distalising force. Periodontal health, plaque scores, canine movement and GCF volumes were recorded. Cytokines (GM-CSF, IFN, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF), tissue (MMP-9, TIMP-1 and 2) and bone metabolism (RANKL, OPG) biomarkers were measured. Results –IL-1β, IL-8, TNFα, MMP-9 increased in canine tension sites and TIMPs 1 and 2 from T2-T4, canine compression sites showed increases in IL-1β and IL-8 only at T2, MMP-9 at T3 and T4 and RANKL at T4. GCF volume increased T2 - T4, but plaque and periodontal measures did not. Conclusions - Significant changes in the profile of several biomarkers consistant with tissue remodelling were seen. Differences between tension and compression sites were not statistically significant. TNFα, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-8 correlated with the rate of tooth movement. MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 correlated with tooth movement 4 hours after the distalising force was applied."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1635/1/Wilson11MPhil.pdf","http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1635/2/Decl_IS_Wilson11MPhil.pdf"],"dc:publisher.department":["College of Medical & Dental Sciences","School of Dentistry"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Birmingham"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1635/"],"dc:subject":["RK Dentistry"],"dc:title":["Analysis of biological pathways, associated with orthodontic force, using multiplex arrays"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["m_ph"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["m_ph"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:11:37Z"}