{"id":{"repo_id":"birmingham","oai_identifier":"oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:1050"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/birmingham/oai:etheses.bham.ac.uk:1050","repository":{"repo_id":"birmingham","name":"University of Birmingham","base_url":"https://etheses.bham.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Microstructural analysis of aluminium alloy 2096 as a function of heat treatment.","abstract":"A detailed microstructural investigation into possible metallurgical culprits of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Al-Li-Cu alloy AA2096 was carried out as a function of isothermal aging time at 160°C. Two tempers were analysed for this study: under-aged at 4 hours (UA4) and under-aged at 12 hours (UA12). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to document T1 (Al2CuLi) precipitation near to and on low and high angle misorientation grain boundaries. The low-angle grain boundaries of the UA4 temper exhibited a fine, near continuous decoration of T1 precipitates and a narrow, but distinct T1 precipitate free zone (PFZ) adjacent to the boundary. The high angle boundaries of the UA4 temper either showed no grain boundary T1 precipitation, or contained a single, large T1 precipitate that grew along the boundary causing it to pucker. The low-angle boundaries of the UA12 temper exhibited no such PFZ, with no greater T1 precipitation than observed in the grain matrix. An energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) study was conducted to investigate the possible occurrence of copper solute depletion across grain boundaries. In the UA4 temper, the low-angle grain boundaries exhibited a distinct copped depleted zone that corresponded with the PFZ observed.","abstract_html":"A detailed microstructural investigation into possible metallurgical culprits of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Al-Li-Cu alloy AA2096 was carried out as a function of isothermal aging time at 160°C. Two tempers were analysed for this study: under-aged at 4 hours (UA4) and under-aged at 12 hours (UA12). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to document T1 (Al2CuLi) precipitation near to and on low and high angle misorientation grain boundaries. The low-angle grain boundaries of the UA4 temper exhibited a fine, near continuous decoration of T1 precipitates and a narrow, but distinct T1 precipitate free zone (PFZ) adjacent to the boundary. The high angle boundaries of the UA4 temper either showed no grain boundary T1 precipitation, or contained a single, large T1 precipitate that grew along the boundary causing it to pucker. The low-angle boundaries of the UA12 temper exhibited no such PFZ, with no greater T1 precipitation than observed in the grain matrix. An energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) study was conducted to investigate the possible occurrence of copper solute depletion across grain boundaries. In the UA4 temper, the low-angle grain boundaries exhibited a distinct copped depleted zone that corresponded with the PFZ observed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Williams, Andrew"],"institution":"University of Birmingham","degree_name":"m_rs","degree_level":"m_rs","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-12","date_published":"2010-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:11:19Z","subjects":["TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.sponsor","label":"Sponsor","values":["na"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Williams, Andrew"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2010-12"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2010-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["College of Engineering & Physical Sciences","School of Metallurgy and Materials"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Birmingham"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1050/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["m_rs"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["m_rs"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["TN Mining engineering. 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The low-angle grain boundaries of the UA4 temper exhibited a fine, near continuous decoration of T1 precipitates and a narrow, but distinct T1 precipitate free zone (PFZ) adjacent to the boundary. The high angle boundaries of the UA4 temper either showed no grain boundary T1 precipitation, or contained a single, large T1 precipitate that grew along the boundary causing it to pucker. The low-angle boundaries of the UA12 temper exhibited no such PFZ, with no greater T1 precipitation than observed in the grain matrix. An energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) study was conducted to investigate the possible occurrence of copper solute depletion across grain boundaries. In the UA4 temper, the low-angle grain boundaries exhibited a distinct copped depleted zone that corresponded with the PFZ observed."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Microstructural analysis of aluminium alloy 2096 as a function of heat treatment."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.sponsor":["na"],"dc:creator":["Williams, Andrew"],"dc:date":["2010-12"],"dc:date.issued":["2010-12"],"dc:description.abstract":["A detailed microstructural investigation into possible metallurgical culprits of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Al-Li-Cu alloy AA2096 was carried out as a function of isothermal aging time at 160°C. Two tempers were analysed for this study: under-aged at 4 hours (UA4) and under-aged at 12 hours (UA12). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to document T1 (Al2CuLi) precipitation near to and on low and high angle misorientation grain boundaries. The low-angle grain boundaries of the UA4 temper exhibited a fine, near continuous decoration of T1 precipitates and a narrow, but distinct T1 precipitate free zone (PFZ) adjacent to the boundary. The high angle boundaries of the UA4 temper either showed no grain boundary T1 precipitation, or contained a single, large T1 precipitate that grew along the boundary causing it to pucker. The low-angle boundaries of the UA12 temper exhibited no such PFZ, with no greater T1 precipitation than observed in the grain matrix. An energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) study was conducted to investigate the possible occurrence of copper solute depletion across grain boundaries. In the UA4 temper, the low-angle grain boundaries exhibited a distinct copped depleted zone that corresponded with the PFZ observed."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1050/1/Williams10MRes.pdf","http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1050/2/Decl_IS_Williams10MRes.pdf"],"dc:publisher.department":["College of Engineering & Physical Sciences","School of Metallurgy and Materials"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Birmingham"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1050/"],"dc:subject":["TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy"],"dc:title":["Microstructural analysis of aluminium alloy 2096 as a function of heat treatment."],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["m_rs"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["m_rs"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:11:19Z"}