The variation of the logarithm of the activity coefficient of the four alcohols, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, and l-propanol, on the addition of three salts, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, and sodium iodide, has been measured. The data were fit to an empirical equation of the form: (∂ log ɣ2/∂ m1)m2 = a + bm10.5 + cm1 + dm2 where a, b, c, and d are constants.
The parameter, d, was shown to be characteristic of the particular alcohol being studied but independent of the anion of the salt. This phenomenon was attributed to the interaction between the cation of the salt and the alcohol rather than between the anion and the alcohol.
The limiting interaction parameter, a, (usually termed the salting-out parameter) was shown to be characteristic of both the salt and the alcohol. The parameter, a, was shown to be composed of additive contributions arising from each of the functional groups that composed the alcohol molecule. The methyl and methylene groups were shown to give rise to salting-out while the hydroxyl group contributes to salting-in.
The scaled particle theory was applied to the twelve systems studied and the parameter, a, was calculated. The agreement with the experimental values was excellent indicating that the theory in its present form can be used for the alcohols as well as nonpolar nonelectrolytes.
","abstract_html":"<p>The variation of the logarithm of the activity coefficient of the four alcohols, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, and l-propanol, on the addition of three salts, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, and sodium iodide, has been measured. The data were fit to an empirical equation of the form: (∂ log ɣ<sub>2</sub>/∂ m<sub>1</sub>)<sub>m<sub>2</sub></sub> = a + bm<sub>1</sub><sup>0.5</sup> + cm<sub>1</sub> + dm<sub>2</sub> where a, b, c, and d are constants.</p><p>The parameter, d, was shown to be characteristic of the particular alcohol being studied but independent of the anion of the salt. This phenomenon was attributed to the interaction between the cation of the salt and the alcohol rather than between the anion and the alcohol.</p><p>The limiting interaction parameter, a, (usually termed the salting-out parameter) was shown to be characteristic of both the salt and the alcohol. The parameter, a, was shown to be composed of additive contributions arising from each of the functional groups that composed the alcohol molecule. The methyl and methylene groups were shown to give rise to salting-out while the hydroxyl group contributes to salting-in.</p><p>The scaled particle theory was applied to the twelve systems studied and the parameter, a, was calculated. The agreement with the experimental values was excellent indicating that the theory in its present form can be used for the alcohols as well as nonpolar nonelectrolytes.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wilcox, Floyd Lewis"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Walter E. Kaskan","Gilbert Janauer","K. Keith Innes"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1971,"date_issued":"1971-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1971-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:10:28Z","subjects":["Solution (Chemistry)","Thermal properties","Activity coefficients"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://orb.binghamton.edu/dissertation_and_theses/170","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Walter E. Kaskan","Gilbert Janauer","K. Keith Innes"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wilcox, Floyd Lewis"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Solution (Chemistry)","Thermal properties","Activity coefficients"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://orb.binghamton.edu/dissertation_and_theses/170"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The variation of the logarithm of the activity coefficient of the four alcohols, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, and l-propanol, on the addition of three salts, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, and sodium iodide, has been measured. The data were fit to an empirical equation of the form: (∂ log ɣ2/∂ m1)m2 = a + bm10.5 + cm1 + dm2 where a, b, c, and d are constants.
The parameter, d, was shown to be characteristic of the particular alcohol being studied but independent of the anion of the salt. This phenomenon was attributed to the interaction between the cation of the salt and the alcohol rather than between the anion and the alcohol.
The limiting interaction parameter, a, (usually termed the salting-out parameter) was shown to be characteristic of both the salt and the alcohol. The parameter, a, was shown to be composed of additive contributions arising from each of the functional groups that composed the alcohol molecule. The methyl and methylene groups were shown to give rise to salting-out while the hydroxyl group contributes to salting-in.
The scaled particle theory was applied to the twelve systems studied and the parameter, a, was calculated. The agreement with the experimental values was excellent indicating that the theory in its present form can be used for the alcohols as well as nonpolar nonelectrolytes.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Free energy relationships in sodium halide-alcohol-water mixtures"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Walter E. Kaskan","Gilbert Janauer","K. Keith Innes"],"dc:creator":["Wilcox, Floyd Lewis"],"dc:description.abstract":["The variation of the logarithm of the activity coefficient of the four alcohols, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, and l-propanol, on the addition of three salts, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, and sodium iodide, has been measured. The data were fit to an empirical equation of the form: (∂ log ɣ2/∂ m1)m2 = a + bm10.5 + cm1 + dm2 where a, b, c, and d are constants.
The parameter, d, was shown to be characteristic of the particular alcohol being studied but independent of the anion of the salt. This phenomenon was attributed to the interaction between the cation of the salt and the alcohol rather than between the anion and the alcohol.
The limiting interaction parameter, a, (usually termed the salting-out parameter) was shown to be characteristic of both the salt and the alcohol. The parameter, a, was shown to be composed of additive contributions arising from each of the functional groups that composed the alcohol molecule. The methyl and methylene groups were shown to give rise to salting-out while the hydroxyl group contributes to salting-in.
The scaled particle theory was applied to the twelve systems studied and the parameter, a, was calculated. The agreement with the experimental values was excellent indicating that the theory in its present form can be used for the alcohols as well as nonpolar nonelectrolytes.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://orb.binghamton.edu/dissertation_and_theses/170"],"dc:subject":["Solution (Chemistry)","Thermal properties","Activity coefficients"],"dc:title":["Free energy relationships in sodium halide-alcohol-water mixtures"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:10:28Z"}