Measuring juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid titers in insect haemolymph simultaneously by LC-MS: The basis for determining the effectiveness of plant-derived alkaloids as insect growth regulators
type: CreativeWork
description: Aim of this thesis was to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to monitor hormones and their metabolites in the haemolymph of insects simultaneously. Furthermore, some plant-derived alkaloids were structurally elucidated, which may be used as insect growth regulators thus affecting haemolymph hormone titers in putative pest species. Juvenile hormones (JHs), JH diols and ecdysteroids were easily separated by high performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC) in less than 20 min using a reversed-phase C18 column and a methanol-water gradient. Subjecting the JH-JHBP (juvenile hormone binding protein) complex to HPLC was sufficient in releasing JH from the JHBP. In order to prevent JH from binding to glass surfaces, it was necessary to include a carrier in the solvent. JHs have a high affinity to polypropylene vials and should therefore be avoided, if no carrier is being used, such as triton X-100. The darkening of the haemolymph due to eumelanin production by phenol oxidases served as a visual indicator of general enzyme activity in the haemolymph. Isooctane:MeOH (1:1, v/v) inactivated the phenol oxidase system when used at a solvent-haemolymph ratio of 10. An isooctane:MeOH extract of haemolymph was most efficient in keeping JH distributed evenly in solution and prevented JH from adhering to the glass vessel. JH concentration in standard solutions was reduced with increasing sonication time. Highest ionization of JH was achieved in MeOH for MS compared to ACN or by using formic acid as an additive. In the positive ESI (electrospray ionization) mode the most abundant ions formed in haemolymph extract of Gryllus bimaculatus was the sodium adduct for JHs, JH diols and JH acids. At higher JH concentrations, the potassium adduct was also observed. The sodium and the potassium adducts were present in ecdysteroid analysis. The same ionization pattern was observed in Spodoptera frugiperda, Myrmicaria eumenoides and Acyrthosiphon pisum haemolymph. Method…
abstract: Aim of this thesis was to develop a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method to monitor hormones and their metabolites in the haemolymph of insects simultaneously. Furthermore, some plant-derived alkaloids were structurally elucidated, which may be used as insect growth regulators thus affecting haemolymph hormone titers in putative pest species. Juvenile hormones (JHs), JH diols and ecdysteroids were easily separated by high performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC) in less than 20 min using a reversed-phase C18 column and a methanol-water gradient. Subjecting the JH-JHBP (juvenile hormone binding protein) complex to HPLC was sufficient in releasing JH from the JHBP. In order to prevent JH from binding to glass surfaces, it was necessary to include a carrier in the solvent. JHs have a high affinity to polypropylene vials and should therefore be avoided, if no carrier is being used, such as triton X-100. The darkening of the haemolymph due to eumelanin production by phenol oxidases served as a visual indicator of general enzyme activity in the haemolymph. Isooctane:MeOH (1:1, v/v) inactivated the phenol oxidase system when used at a solvent-haemolymph ratio of 10. An isooctane:MeOH extract of haemolymph was most efficient in keeping JH distributed evenly in solution and prevented JH from adhering to the glass vessel. JH concentration in standard solutions was reduced with increasing sonication time. Highest ionization of JH was achieved in MeOH for MS compared to ACN or by using formic acid as an additive. In the positive ESI (electrospray ionization) mode the most abundant ions formed in haemolymph extract of Gryllus bimaculatus was the sodium adduct for JHs, JH diols and JH acids. At higher JH concentrations, the potassium adduct was also observed. The sodium and the potassium adducts were present in ecdysteroid analysis. The same ionization pattern was observed in Spodoptera frugiperda, Myrmicaria eumenoides and Acyrthosiphon pisum haemolymph. Method…
author: Westerlund, Stephanie
date published: 2004-07-07
date modified: 2026-07-27T18:49:29Z
provider: Universität Bayreuth
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Universität Bayreuth