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AUT University

To the Analyzing Instrument and Beyond: Reconstructing Evenly Hovering Attention

Abstract

This dissertation explores the attentional processes by which the psychotherapist arrives at clinical inferences in his work with clients. In particular, the focus is on one of the early tenets of psychoanalytic technique, Freud’s direction around evenly hovering (suspended)/free-floating attention as a vehicle for the registration of the unconscious material embedded in the client’s communication/free association. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, drawing on the existing knowledge base for narratives around experiences of ‘unconscious knowing’ by psychotherapists connected to the idea of evenly hovering attention. This consisted of the work of four psychoanalytic clinicians: Reik, Isakower, Jacobs and McLaughlin – who have built on Freud's concept, and have to that extent offered their own interpretation/s of how evenly hovering attention comes to occupy the central role within psychoanalytic practice. The intent was to bridge, make sense of, and interpret these different representational systems/structures in order to arrive at some implications to inform psychotherapy practice. The discussion underscores how the psychotherapist’s use of non-linear, undirected and associative mental processes, both within and outside the therapy situation, furthers the understanding of unconscious processes. Vignette/s from my own clinical practice and those of the four psychoanalytic clinicians reviewed, are included to typify the operation of these respective forms of evenly hovering attention.

Author and committee

dc:creator, dc:contributor.*
Author
  • Gupta, Rajan

Subjects

dc:subject × 6

Identifiers

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Identifier
hdl:10292/496
OAI identifier oai:identifier
oai:openrepository.aut.ac.nz:10292/496

Chain of custody

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AUT University
Base URL
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Last updated
2026-07-27
Source record
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citation

Gupta, Rajan. To the Analyzing Instrument and Beyond: Reconstructing Evenly Hovering Attention. 2008.