{"id":{"repo_id":"auckland-ms","oai_identifier":"oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/61532"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/auckland-ms/oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/61532","repository":{"repo_id":"auckland-ms","name":"University of Auckland","base_url":"https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Safety of n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and effects on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring","abstract":"Maternal obesity is the strongest predictor of obesity in the offspring, as it leads to alterations in metabolism in the offspring, perpetuating obesity across the generations. Obese pregnancy is characterised by inflammation and exaggerated insulin resistance, which cause excess transfer of nutrients to the fetus. As omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are insulin sensitising and antiinflammatory they may counteract this effect. Thus, supplementing n-3 PUFAs in overweight and obese pregnancy might improve metabolism and body composition of the children. In addition, supplementing oxidised fish oil to rats during pregnancy led to greater newborn mortality. As supplements are often oxidised, there is a need to determine the safe dose of oxidised fish oil during pregnancy. The central hypothesis in this thesis is that n-3 PUFAs supplementation in overweight and obese pregnancy will improve metabolism and lower body fat percentage in the offspring. Four predictions were tested: 1) n-3 PUFA supplementation will improve the insulin sensitivity of mothers in overweight or obese pregnancy 2) and will improve the metabolism and body composition of their infants 3) maternal n-3 PUFAs will ameliorate the adverse metabolic effects of a maternal highfat diet on the offspring through alterations in gene expression in metabolic tissues 4) the toxicity of oxidised fish oil in pregnancy will be dose related. I utilised a double-blinded randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation in overweight and obese women during pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of the offspring. n-3 PUFA supplementation did not lower the body fat percentage in the infants or affect insulin sensitivity during pregnancy. However, it reduced the triglyceride levels in mothers during pregnancy and in the infants. In the animal model of insulin resistant pregnancy (maternal high-fat diet), supplementation with unoxidised fish oil prevented the development of insulin resistance in the offspring and partially ameliorated the adverse effects of high-fat diet on the hepatic metabolism. A human-relevant dose of a highly oxidised oil increased neonatal mortality in rats, but no adverse effects were seen of oils oxidised within recommended limits, suggesting that risk is low for women consuming store-purchased fish oil.","abstract_html":"Maternal obesity is the strongest predictor of obesity in the offspring, as it leads to alterations in metabolism in the offspring, perpetuating obesity across the generations. Obese pregnancy is characterised by inflammation and exaggerated insulin resistance, which cause excess transfer of nutrients to the fetus. As omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are insulin sensitising and antiinflammatory they may counteract this effect. Thus, supplementing n-3 PUFAs in overweight and obese pregnancy might improve metabolism and body composition of the children. In addition, supplementing oxidised fish oil to rats during pregnancy led to greater newborn mortality. As supplements are often oxidised, there is a need to determine the safe dose of oxidised fish oil during pregnancy. The central hypothesis in this thesis is that n-3 PUFAs supplementation in overweight and obese pregnancy will improve metabolism and lower body fat percentage in the offspring. Four predictions were tested: 1) n-3 PUFA supplementation will improve the insulin sensitivity of mothers in overweight or obese pregnancy 2) and will improve the metabolism and body composition of their infants 3) maternal n-3 PUFAs will ameliorate the adverse metabolic effects of a maternal highfat diet on the offspring through alterations in gene expression in metabolic tissues 4) the toxicity of oxidised fish oil in pregnancy will be dose related. I utilised a double-blinded randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation in overweight and obese women during pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of the offspring. n-3 PUFA supplementation did not lower the body fat percentage in the infants or affect insulin sensitivity during pregnancy. However, it reduced the triglyceride levels in mothers during pregnancy and in the infants. In the animal model of insulin resistant pregnancy (maternal high-fat diet), supplementation with unoxidised fish oil prevented the development of insulin resistance in the offspring and partially ameliorated the adverse effects of high-fat diet on the hepatic metabolism. A human-relevant dose of a highly oxidised oil increased neonatal mortality in rats, but no adverse effects were seen of oils oxidised within recommended limits, suggesting that risk is low for women consuming store-purchased fish oil.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Satokar, Vidit V."],"institution":"ResearchSpace@Auckland","degree_name":"PhD","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":"Biomedical Science","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Albert, Benjamin B.","Cutfield, Wayne S."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021","date_published":"2021","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:02:40Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":["Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated."],"rights_urls":["https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/61532","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Albert, Benjamin B.","Cutfield, Wayne S."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Satokar, Vidit V."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2022-10-06T02:21:45Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-10-06T02:21:45Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2021"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["ResearchSpace@Auckland"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["UoA"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biomedical Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["PhD"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["The University of Auckland"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated."]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2292/61532"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Maternal obesity is the strongest predictor of obesity in the offspring, as it leads to alterations in metabolism in the offspring, perpetuating obesity across the generations. Obese pregnancy is characterised by inflammation and exaggerated insulin resistance, which cause excess transfer of nutrients to the fetus. As omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are insulin sensitising and antiinflammatory they may counteract this effect. Thus, supplementing n-3 PUFAs in overweight and obese pregnancy might improve metabolism and body composition of the children. In addition, supplementing oxidised fish oil to rats during pregnancy led to greater newborn mortality. As supplements are often oxidised, there is a need to determine the safe dose of oxidised fish oil during pregnancy. The central hypothesis in this thesis is that n-3 PUFAs supplementation in overweight and obese pregnancy will improve metabolism and lower body fat percentage in the offspring. Four predictions were tested: 1) n-3 PUFA supplementation will improve the insulin sensitivity of mothers in overweight or obese pregnancy 2) and will improve the metabolism and body composition of their infants 3) maternal n-3 PUFAs will ameliorate the adverse metabolic effects of a maternal highfat diet on the offspring through alterations in gene expression in metabolic tissues 4) the toxicity of oxidised fish oil in pregnancy will be dose related. I utilised a double-blinded randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation in overweight and obese women during pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of the offspring. n-3 PUFA supplementation did not lower the body fat percentage in the infants or affect insulin sensitivity during pregnancy. However, it reduced the triglyceride levels in mothers during pregnancy and in the infants. In the animal model of insulin resistant pregnancy (maternal high-fat diet), supplementation with unoxidised fish oil prevented the development of insulin resistance in the offspring and partially ameliorated the adverse effects of high-fat diet on the hepatic metabolism. A human-relevant dose of a highly oxidised oil increased neonatal mortality in rats, but no adverse effects were seen of oils oxidised within recommended limits, suggesting that risk is low for women consuming store-purchased fish oil."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Safety of n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and effects on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Albert, Benjamin B.","Cutfield, Wayne S."],"dc:creator":["Satokar, Vidit V."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2022-10-06T02:21:45Z"],"dc:date.available":["2022-10-06T02:21:45Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2021"],"dc:description.abstract":["Maternal obesity is the strongest predictor of obesity in the offspring, as it leads to alterations in metabolism in the offspring, perpetuating obesity across the generations. Obese pregnancy is characterised by inflammation and exaggerated insulin resistance, which cause excess transfer of nutrients to the fetus. As omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are insulin sensitising and antiinflammatory they may counteract this effect. Thus, supplementing n-3 PUFAs in overweight and obese pregnancy might improve metabolism and body composition of the children. In addition, supplementing oxidised fish oil to rats during pregnancy led to greater newborn mortality. As supplements are often oxidised, there is a need to determine the safe dose of oxidised fish oil during pregnancy. The central hypothesis in this thesis is that n-3 PUFAs supplementation in overweight and obese pregnancy will improve metabolism and lower body fat percentage in the offspring. Four predictions were tested: 1) n-3 PUFA supplementation will improve the insulin sensitivity of mothers in overweight or obese pregnancy 2) and will improve the metabolism and body composition of their infants 3) maternal n-3 PUFAs will ameliorate the adverse metabolic effects of a maternal highfat diet on the offspring through alterations in gene expression in metabolic tissues 4) the toxicity of oxidised fish oil in pregnancy will be dose related. I utilised a double-blinded randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation in overweight and obese women during pregnancy and lactation on the body composition of the offspring. n-3 PUFA supplementation did not lower the body fat percentage in the infants or affect insulin sensitivity during pregnancy. However, it reduced the triglyceride levels in mothers during pregnancy and in the infants. In the animal model of insulin resistant pregnancy (maternal high-fat diet), supplementation with unoxidised fish oil prevented the development of insulin resistance in the offspring and partially ameliorated the adverse effects of high-fat diet on the hepatic metabolism. A human-relevant dose of a highly oxidised oil increased neonatal mortality in rats, but no adverse effects were seen of oils oxidised within recommended limits, suggesting that risk is low for women consuming store-purchased fish oil."],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/2292/61532"],"dc:publisher":["ResearchSpace@Auckland"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["UoA"],"dc:rights":["Items in ResearchSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated."],"dc:rights.uri":["https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/docs/uoa-docs/rights.htm"],"dc:title":["Safety of n-3 PUFAs during pregnancy and effects on the metabolic phenotype of the offspring"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biomedical Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["PhD"],"thesis:institution_name":["The University of Auckland"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:02:40Z"}