Electron rich enamines are capable of C-N bond homolysis and subsequent recombination and/or disproportionation. It is unclear what causes these radicals to undergo recombination or disproportionation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations do not provide a transition state for the recombination and disproportionation processes and therefore they cannot be used to predict the favorable reaction. Breslow intermediates formed by deprotonation of thiazolium salts and reaction with aromatic aldehydes are examples of electron rich enamines. These breslow intermediates can undergo C-N bond homolysis to form a radical pair the either recombine or disproportionate. Upon investigation of the factors influencing recombination and disproportionation, it was determined that when fluorene is employed as the nitrogen substituent on thiazole, the reaction favors disproportionation at low and high temperatures.
The biological compound “vitachrome” was synthesized by reacting thiamine HCl with triethylamine in DMF. We hypothesize vitachrome forms through a radical mechanism which is supported by the observation of pyrimidine monomer and dimer in the reaction mixture. An asymmetric dimer can also be formed using this method when diphenylmethylthiazolium bromide salt and diphenylmethylbenzothiazolium bromide salt are used as starting materials.
","abstract_html":"<p>Electron rich enamines are capable of C-N bond homolysis and subsequent recombination and/or disproportionation. It is unclear what causes these radicals to undergo recombination or disproportionation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations do not provide a transition state for the recombination and disproportionation processes and therefore they cannot be used to predict the favorable reaction. Breslow intermediates formed by deprotonation of thiazolium salts and reaction with aromatic aldehydes are examples of electron rich enamines. These breslow intermediates can undergo C-N bond homolysis to form a radical pair the either recombine or disproportionate. Upon investigation of the factors influencing recombination and disproportionation, it was determined that when fluorene is employed as the nitrogen substituent on thiazole, the reaction favors disproportionation at low and high temperatures. </p> <p>The biological compound “vitachrome” was synthesized by reacting thiamine HCl with triethylamine in DMF. We hypothesize vitachrome forms through a radical mechanism which is supported by the observation of pyrimidine monomer and dimer in the reaction mixture. An asymmetric dimer can also be formed using this method when diphenylmethylthiazolium bromide salt and diphenylmethylbenzothiazolium bromide salt are used as starting materials. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Burnett, Taylor"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kilyanek, Stefan M.","Chen, Jingyi"],"advisors":["McIntosh, Matthias C."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021-07-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2021-07-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:00:09Z","subjects":["Breslow","Organic","Radicals","Thiazole rings","Environmental Chemistry","Organic Chemistry"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/4181","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kilyanek, Stefan M.","Chen, Jingyi"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["McIntosh, Matthias C."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Burnett, Taylor"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2021"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-02-06T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Breslow","Organic","Radicals","Thiazole rings","Environmental Chemistry","Organic Chemistry"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/4181"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Electron rich enamines are capable of C-N bond homolysis and subsequent recombination and/or disproportionation. It is unclear what causes these radicals to undergo recombination or disproportionation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations do not provide a transition state for the recombination and disproportionation processes and therefore they cannot be used to predict the favorable reaction. Breslow intermediates formed by deprotonation of thiazolium salts and reaction with aromatic aldehydes are examples of electron rich enamines. These breslow intermediates can undergo C-N bond homolysis to form a radical pair the either recombine or disproportionate. Upon investigation of the factors influencing recombination and disproportionation, it was determined that when fluorene is employed as the nitrogen substituent on thiazole, the reaction favors disproportionation at low and high temperatures.
The biological compound “vitachrome” was synthesized by reacting thiamine HCl with triethylamine in DMF. We hypothesize vitachrome forms through a radical mechanism which is supported by the observation of pyrimidine monomer and dimer in the reaction mixture. An asymmetric dimer can also be formed using this method when diphenylmethylthiazolium bromide salt and diphenylmethylbenzothiazolium bromide salt are used as starting materials.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigation of Factors Influencing Recombination Versus Disproportionation of Complex Radicals Formed by C-N Homolysis of Breslow Type Intermediates and Related Compounds"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kilyanek, Stefan M.","Chen, Jingyi"],"dc:contributor.advisor":["McIntosh, Matthias C."],"dc:creator":["Burnett, Taylor"],"dc:date":["2021"],"dc:date.available":["2024-02-06T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Electron rich enamines are capable of C-N bond homolysis and subsequent recombination and/or disproportionation. It is unclear what causes these radicals to undergo recombination or disproportionation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations do not provide a transition state for the recombination and disproportionation processes and therefore they cannot be used to predict the favorable reaction. Breslow intermediates formed by deprotonation of thiazolium salts and reaction with aromatic aldehydes are examples of electron rich enamines. These breslow intermediates can undergo C-N bond homolysis to form a radical pair the either recombine or disproportionate. Upon investigation of the factors influencing recombination and disproportionation, it was determined that when fluorene is employed as the nitrogen substituent on thiazole, the reaction favors disproportionation at low and high temperatures.
The biological compound “vitachrome” was synthesized by reacting thiamine HCl with triethylamine in DMF. We hypothesize vitachrome forms through a radical mechanism which is supported by the observation of pyrimidine monomer and dimer in the reaction mixture. An asymmetric dimer can also be formed using this method when diphenylmethylthiazolium bromide salt and diphenylmethylbenzothiazolium bromide salt are used as starting materials.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/4181"],"dc:subject":["Breslow","Organic","Radicals","Thiazole rings","Environmental Chemistry","Organic Chemistry"],"dc:title":["Investigation of Factors Influencing Recombination Versus Disproportionation of Complex Radicals Formed by C-N Homolysis of Breslow Type Intermediates and Related Compounds"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy in Chemistry (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:00:09Z"}