For studies 1 through 3, 20 steers of predominantly Angus breeding, were stratified by body weight (279 ± 13.2 kg), assigned randomly to 6 paddocks, and fed a low S ground corn and soybean meal supplement that did not contain any byproduct feeds (0.31% total dietary S; LS) or LS supplement with an additional 0.25% S provided from sodium sulfate (Na2SO4; 0.58% total dietary S; HS) for a 114-d growing phase. Steers were moved to feedlot (373 ± 0.2 kg), remained on prior dietary S treatments, and fed corn and soybean meal diets (0.19 and 0.42% total dietary S; LS and HS treatments, respectively) that did not contain any byproduct feeds with no use of growth-enhancing technologies for a 123-d finishing phase. Steer performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.68) by dietary treatments during the growing phase. Steers fed HS experienced decreased dry matter intake (P < 0.001) and average daily gain (P = 0.07) during the finishing phase; however, on a carcass-adjusted basis, dietary treatments did not affect average daily gain (P = 0.24). Steers fed HS produced longissimus muscle (LM) with greater (P ≤ 0.08) total conjugated linoleic acid and 18:2cis9trans11 content than LM from steers fed LS; however, total conjugated linoleic acid content decreased (P = 0.09) during 7-d of simulated retail display. Finishing phase plasma Cu concentrations were less (P = 0.07) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS; however, plasma Cu concentrations were within the normal range and did not approach concentrations indicative of deficiency. Sulfhemoglobin production was greater (P < 0.001) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS (0.45 and 0.37%, respectively). Cytochrome c oxidase activity in liver and LM was not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by dietary treatment. For study 4, 36 primiparous beef heifers (20 ± 0.5 mo of age) of predominantly Angus breeding were stratified by body weight (398 ± 24.9 kg), body condition score, and anticipated calving date and assigned to 12 paddocks for a 260-d study. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (2 × 2 factorial): 1) 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg; 2) 0.15% S and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride); 3) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 6 mg Cu/kg; or 4) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride). A cracked corn and soybean meal based supplement delivered each treatment -113 to 150 ± 16 d relative to parturition. Heifer growth performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.19) by dietary treatments. Progeny from heifers fed 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg exhibited lower birth weights (Cu × S interaction, P = 0.09); however, treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) other measures of progeny growth performance. Heifers fed 0.55% S exhibited lower plasma and liver Cu concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin activity (S main effect, P ≤ 0.07). Progeny liver Cu concentrations were similar among treatments and indicative of adequate liver Cu status in cattle, which was in contrast to maternal Cu indices.
","abstract_html":"<p>For studies 1 through 3, 20 steers of predominantly Angus breeding, were stratified by body weight (279 ± 13.2 kg), assigned randomly to 6 paddocks, and fed a low S ground corn and soybean meal supplement that did not contain any byproduct feeds (0.31% total dietary S; LS) or LS supplement with an additional 0.25% S provided from sodium sulfate (Na2SO4; 0.58% total dietary S; HS) for a 114-d growing phase. Steers were moved to feedlot (373 ± 0.2 kg), remained on prior dietary S treatments, and fed corn and soybean meal diets (0.19 and 0.42% total dietary S; LS and HS treatments, respectively) that did not contain any byproduct feeds with no use of growth-enhancing technologies for a 123-d finishing phase. Steer performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.68) by dietary treatments during the growing phase. Steers fed HS experienced decreased dry matter intake (P < 0.001) and average daily gain (P = 0.07) during the finishing phase; however, on a carcass-adjusted basis, dietary treatments did not affect average daily gain (P = 0.24). Steers fed HS produced longissimus muscle (LM) with greater (P ≤ 0.08) total conjugated linoleic acid and 18:2cis9trans11 content than LM from steers fed LS; however, total conjugated linoleic acid content decreased (P = 0.09) during 7-d of simulated retail display. Finishing phase plasma Cu concentrations were less (P = 0.07) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS; however, plasma Cu concentrations were within the normal range and did not approach concentrations indicative of deficiency. Sulfhemoglobin production was greater (P < 0.001) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS (0.45 and 0.37%, respectively). Cytochrome c oxidase activity in liver and LM was not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by dietary treatment. For study 4, 36 primiparous beef heifers (20 ± 0.5 mo of age) of predominantly Angus breeding were stratified by body weight (398 ± 24.9 kg), body condition score, and anticipated calving date and assigned to 12 paddocks for a 260-d study. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (2 × 2 factorial): 1) 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg; 2) 0.15% S and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride); 3) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 6 mg Cu/kg; or 4) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride). A cracked corn and soybean meal based supplement delivered each treatment -113 to 150 ± 16 d relative to parturition. Heifer growth performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.19) by dietary treatments. Progeny from heifers fed 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg exhibited lower birth weights (Cu × S interaction, P = 0.09); however, treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) other measures of progeny growth performance. Heifers fed 0.55% S exhibited lower plasma and liver Cu concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin activity (S main effect, P ≤ 0.07). Progeny liver Cu concentrations were similar among treatments and indicative of adequate liver Cu status in cattle, which was in contrast to maternal Cu indices. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hawley, Jamie"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Apple, Jason K.","Powell, Jeremy G."],"advisors":["Kegley, Elizabeth B."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-07-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2020-07-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:58:26Z","subjects":["Beef cattle","Beef quality","Mineral status","Performance","Physiological response","Sodium sulfate","Animal Experimentation and Research","Beef Science","Meat Science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3749","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Apple, Jason K.","Powell, Jeremy G."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Kegley, Elizabeth B."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hawley, Jamie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-02-06T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Beef cattle","Beef quality","Mineral status","Performance","Physiological response","Sodium sulfate","Animal Experimentation and Research","Beef Science","Meat Science"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3749"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["For studies 1 through 3, 20 steers of predominantly Angus breeding, were stratified by body weight (279 ± 13.2 kg), assigned randomly to 6 paddocks, and fed a low S ground corn and soybean meal supplement that did not contain any byproduct feeds (0.31% total dietary S; LS) or LS supplement with an additional 0.25% S provided from sodium sulfate (Na2SO4; 0.58% total dietary S; HS) for a 114-d growing phase. Steers were moved to feedlot (373 ± 0.2 kg), remained on prior dietary S treatments, and fed corn and soybean meal diets (0.19 and 0.42% total dietary S; LS and HS treatments, respectively) that did not contain any byproduct feeds with no use of growth-enhancing technologies for a 123-d finishing phase. Steer performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.68) by dietary treatments during the growing phase. Steers fed HS experienced decreased dry matter intake (P < 0.001) and average daily gain (P = 0.07) during the finishing phase; however, on a carcass-adjusted basis, dietary treatments did not affect average daily gain (P = 0.24). Steers fed HS produced longissimus muscle (LM) with greater (P ≤ 0.08) total conjugated linoleic acid and 18:2cis9trans11 content than LM from steers fed LS; however, total conjugated linoleic acid content decreased (P = 0.09) during 7-d of simulated retail display. Finishing phase plasma Cu concentrations were less (P = 0.07) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS; however, plasma Cu concentrations were within the normal range and did not approach concentrations indicative of deficiency. Sulfhemoglobin production was greater (P < 0.001) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS (0.45 and 0.37%, respectively). Cytochrome c oxidase activity in liver and LM was not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by dietary treatment. For study 4, 36 primiparous beef heifers (20 ± 0.5 mo of age) of predominantly Angus breeding were stratified by body weight (398 ± 24.9 kg), body condition score, and anticipated calving date and assigned to 12 paddocks for a 260-d study. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (2 × 2 factorial): 1) 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg; 2) 0.15% S and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride); 3) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 6 mg Cu/kg; or 4) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride). A cracked corn and soybean meal based supplement delivered each treatment -113 to 150 ± 16 d relative to parturition. Heifer growth performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.19) by dietary treatments. Progeny from heifers fed 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg exhibited lower birth weights (Cu × S interaction, P = 0.09); however, treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) other measures of progeny growth performance. Heifers fed 0.55% S exhibited lower plasma and liver Cu concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin activity (S main effect, P ≤ 0.07). Progeny liver Cu concentrations were similar among treatments and indicative of adequate liver Cu status in cattle, which was in contrast to maternal Cu indices.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Excess Dietary Sulfur Using Supplemental Sodium Sulfate on Beef Steer, Heifer, and Progeny Productive and Physiological Responses"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Apple, Jason K.","Powell, Jeremy G."],"dc:contributor.advisor":["Kegley, Elizabeth B."],"dc:creator":["Hawley, Jamie"],"dc:date":["2020"],"dc:date.available":["2024-02-06T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["For studies 1 through 3, 20 steers of predominantly Angus breeding, were stratified by body weight (279 ± 13.2 kg), assigned randomly to 6 paddocks, and fed a low S ground corn and soybean meal supplement that did not contain any byproduct feeds (0.31% total dietary S; LS) or LS supplement with an additional 0.25% S provided from sodium sulfate (Na2SO4; 0.58% total dietary S; HS) for a 114-d growing phase. Steers were moved to feedlot (373 ± 0.2 kg), remained on prior dietary S treatments, and fed corn and soybean meal diets (0.19 and 0.42% total dietary S; LS and HS treatments, respectively) that did not contain any byproduct feeds with no use of growth-enhancing technologies for a 123-d finishing phase. Steer performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.68) by dietary treatments during the growing phase. Steers fed HS experienced decreased dry matter intake (P < 0.001) and average daily gain (P = 0.07) during the finishing phase; however, on a carcass-adjusted basis, dietary treatments did not affect average daily gain (P = 0.24). Steers fed HS produced longissimus muscle (LM) with greater (P ≤ 0.08) total conjugated linoleic acid and 18:2cis9trans11 content than LM from steers fed LS; however, total conjugated linoleic acid content decreased (P = 0.09) during 7-d of simulated retail display. Finishing phase plasma Cu concentrations were less (P = 0.07) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS; however, plasma Cu concentrations were within the normal range and did not approach concentrations indicative of deficiency. Sulfhemoglobin production was greater (P < 0.001) in steers fed HS than steers fed LS (0.45 and 0.37%, respectively). Cytochrome c oxidase activity in liver and LM was not affected (P ≥ 0.38) by dietary treatment. For study 4, 36 primiparous beef heifers (20 ± 0.5 mo of age) of predominantly Angus breeding were stratified by body weight (398 ± 24.9 kg), body condition score, and anticipated calving date and assigned to 12 paddocks for a 260-d study. Pens were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments (2 × 2 factorial): 1) 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg; 2) 0.15% S and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride); 3) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 6 mg Cu/kg; or 4) 0.55% S (from Na2SO4) and 12 to 14 mg Cu/kg (from tribasic copper chloride). A cracked corn and soybean meal based supplement delivered each treatment -113 to 150 ± 16 d relative to parturition. Heifer growth performance was not affected (P ≥ 0.19) by dietary treatments. Progeny from heifers fed 0.15% S and 6 mg Cu/kg exhibited lower birth weights (Cu × S interaction, P = 0.09); however, treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) other measures of progeny growth performance. Heifers fed 0.55% S exhibited lower plasma and liver Cu concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin activity (S main effect, P ≤ 0.07). Progeny liver Cu concentrations were similar among treatments and indicative of adequate liver Cu status in cattle, which was in contrast to maternal Cu indices.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3749"],"dc:subject":["Beef cattle","Beef quality","Mineral status","Performance","Physiological response","Sodium sulfate","Animal Experimentation and Research","Beef Science","Meat Science"],"dc:title":["The Effects of Excess Dietary Sulfur Using Supplemental Sodium Sulfate on Beef Steer, Heifer, and Progeny Productive and Physiological Responses"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:58:26Z"}