Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a recognized multifactorial disease that causes an annual loss of $6 billion to the poultry industry. Thus, it has become essential to carry a comprehensive study of the composition of chicken gut which hosts this disease. The objective of this research is to measure the changes occurring in microbiome inside intestinal ilium of NE affected broilers which were treated with tributyrin supplement. This supplement is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that stabilizes intestinal integrity. The experimental design consisted of two challenge groups (No -Challenge, Clostridium Perfringens (CP) - Challenge) and one treatment group (tributyrin). To our knowledge, this project was the first research employing metatranscriptomics approach on ileum part of intestine.
The metatranscriptomics analysis resulted in 7796 transcripts. It was found that only six bacteria showed significant differences (~5%) on a species level amongst the three groups for CP challenge, No challenge and tributyrin samples. Bacteria such as Geofilum rubicundum and Lactobacillus were abundantly found in tributyrin group as compared to other two. This could be a contributor for the treatment of NE. An unexpected result was found for the bacteria Clostridium Perfringens.This bacterium was supposed to increase in the CP challenge group. Instead, it was found to have decreased as compared to tributyrin group.
Although butyrate (tributyrin) has numerous properties to treat NE in chicken, tributyrin seemingly didn’t appear to a contributor for the treatment of NE. Additional results from this work pointed towards Geofilum rubicundum as a prime candidate which may have contributed the most towards NE treatment. Thus, this work establishes a strong foundation to continue detailed research on treatment methods for NE through further assessment of Geofilum rubicundum, and potentially evaluating a bigger sample size.
","abstract_html":"<p>Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a recognized multifactorial disease that causes an annual loss of $6 billion to the poultry industry. Thus, it has become essential to carry a comprehensive study of the composition of chicken gut which hosts this disease. The objective of this research is to measure the changes occurring in microbiome inside intestinal ilium of NE affected broilers which were treated with tributyrin supplement. This supplement is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that stabilizes intestinal integrity. The experimental design consisted of two challenge groups (No -Challenge, Clostridium Perfringens (CP) - Challenge) and one treatment group (tributyrin). To our knowledge, this project was the first research employing metatranscriptomics approach on ileum part of intestine.</p> <p>The metatranscriptomics analysis resulted in 7796 transcripts. It was found that only six bacteria showed significant differences (~5%) on a species level amongst the three groups for CP challenge, No challenge and tributyrin samples. Bacteria such as Geofilum rubicundum and Lactobacillus were abundantly found in tributyrin group as compared to other two. This could be a contributor for the treatment of NE. An unexpected result was found for the bacteria Clostridium Perfringens.This bacterium was supposed to increase in the CP challenge group. Instead, it was found to have decreased as compared to tributyrin group.</p> <p>Although butyrate (tributyrin) has numerous properties to treat NE in chicken, tributyrin seemingly didn’t appear to a contributor for the treatment of NE. Additional results from this work pointed towards Geofilum rubicundum as a prime candidate which may have contributed the most towards NE treatment. Thus, this work establishes a strong foundation to continue detailed research on treatment methods for NE through further assessment of Geofilum rubicundum, and potentially evaluating a bigger sample size.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Uttarwar, Ruchita"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Animal Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kwon, Young Min","Huang, Yan"],"advisors":["Zhao, Jiangchao"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2020,"date_issued":"2020-07-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2020-07-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:59:15Z","subjects":["Clostridium Perfringens","Intestinal Permeability","Lactobacillus","Metatranscriptomics","Microbiome","Necrotic Enteritis","Tributyrin","Animal Sciences","Bioinformatics","Molecular Biology","Poultry or Avian Science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3740","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kwon, Young Min","Huang, Yan"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Zhao, Jiangchao"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Uttarwar, Ruchita"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2020"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-07-21T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Animal Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Clostridium Perfringens","Intestinal Permeability","Lactobacillus","Metatranscriptomics","Microbiome","Necrotic Enteritis","Tributyrin","Animal Sciences","Bioinformatics","Molecular Biology","Poultry or Avian Science"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3740"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a recognized multifactorial disease that causes an annual loss of $6 billion to the poultry industry. Thus, it has become essential to carry a comprehensive study of the composition of chicken gut which hosts this disease. The objective of this research is to measure the changes occurring in microbiome inside intestinal ilium of NE affected broilers which were treated with tributyrin supplement. This supplement is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that stabilizes intestinal integrity. The experimental design consisted of two challenge groups (No -Challenge, Clostridium Perfringens (CP) - Challenge) and one treatment group (tributyrin). To our knowledge, this project was the first research employing metatranscriptomics approach on ileum part of intestine.
The metatranscriptomics analysis resulted in 7796 transcripts. It was found that only six bacteria showed significant differences (~5%) on a species level amongst the three groups for CP challenge, No challenge and tributyrin samples. Bacteria such as Geofilum rubicundum and Lactobacillus were abundantly found in tributyrin group as compared to other two. This could be a contributor for the treatment of NE. An unexpected result was found for the bacteria Clostridium Perfringens.This bacterium was supposed to increase in the CP challenge group. Instead, it was found to have decreased as compared to tributyrin group.
Although butyrate (tributyrin) has numerous properties to treat NE in chicken, tributyrin seemingly didn’t appear to a contributor for the treatment of NE. Additional results from this work pointed towards Geofilum rubicundum as a prime candidate which may have contributed the most towards NE treatment. Thus, this work establishes a strong foundation to continue detailed research on treatment methods for NE through further assessment of Geofilum rubicundum, and potentially evaluating a bigger sample size.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Metatranscriptomics Analysis of Ileum Microbial Communities in Necrotic Enteritis Chickens"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kwon, Young Min","Huang, Yan"],"dc:contributor.advisor":["Zhao, Jiangchao"],"dc:creator":["Uttarwar, Ruchita"],"dc:date":["2020"],"dc:date.available":["2022-07-21T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a recognized multifactorial disease that causes an annual loss of $6 billion to the poultry industry. Thus, it has become essential to carry a comprehensive study of the composition of chicken gut which hosts this disease. The objective of this research is to measure the changes occurring in microbiome inside intestinal ilium of NE affected broilers which were treated with tributyrin supplement. This supplement is an anti-inflammatory metabolite that stabilizes intestinal integrity. The experimental design consisted of two challenge groups (No -Challenge, Clostridium Perfringens (CP) - Challenge) and one treatment group (tributyrin). To our knowledge, this project was the first research employing metatranscriptomics approach on ileum part of intestine.
The metatranscriptomics analysis resulted in 7796 transcripts. It was found that only six bacteria showed significant differences (~5%) on a species level amongst the three groups for CP challenge, No challenge and tributyrin samples. Bacteria such as Geofilum rubicundum and Lactobacillus were abundantly found in tributyrin group as compared to other two. This could be a contributor for the treatment of NE. An unexpected result was found for the bacteria Clostridium Perfringens.This bacterium was supposed to increase in the CP challenge group. Instead, it was found to have decreased as compared to tributyrin group.
Although butyrate (tributyrin) has numerous properties to treat NE in chicken, tributyrin seemingly didn’t appear to a contributor for the treatment of NE. Additional results from this work pointed towards Geofilum rubicundum as a prime candidate which may have contributed the most towards NE treatment. Thus, this work establishes a strong foundation to continue detailed research on treatment methods for NE through further assessment of Geofilum rubicundum, and potentially evaluating a bigger sample size.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3740"],"dc:subject":["Clostridium Perfringens","Intestinal Permeability","Lactobacillus","Metatranscriptomics","Microbiome","Necrotic Enteritis","Tributyrin","Animal Sciences","Bioinformatics","Molecular Biology","Poultry or Avian Science"],"dc:title":["Metatranscriptomics Analysis of Ileum Microbial Communities in Necrotic Enteritis Chickens"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Animal Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:59:15Z"}