AIM: To observe the effects of endurance cycling in the heat on renal function, and determine if the extent of impairment is related to hydration. METHODS: 40 cyclists (34 male, 6 female, 52 ± 9 y, 21.7 ± 6.5 % body fat) completed an endurance cycling event (5.7 ± 1.2 hours) in the heat (33.2 ± 5.0ºC, 38.4 ± 10.7% RH). Body mass was assessed to determine net fluid loss, muscle damage in the legs was assessed with a pain scale, a urine sample was collected to analyze hydration status, and a blood sample was drawn. All measurements were taken pre- and post-event. Serum creatinine was measured by colorimetric assay and analyzed via the Jaffe reaction, and creatinine clearance was estimated. An ELISA kit was used to measure serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. RESULTS: A net fluid loss of 1.3 ± 1.1 kg was observed. Urine specific gravity (P < 0.001) and leg muscle pain (P < 0.001) increased post-event. Serum creatinine increased from pre- (0.52 ± 0.14 mg/dL) to post-event (0.88 ± 0.21 mg/dL; P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance decreased from pre- (160.9 ± 48.9 mL/min) to post-event (95.2 ± 28.1 mL/min; P < 0.001). Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased from pre- (68.51 ± 17.54) to post-event (139.12 ± 36.52; P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: Changes observed in renal measures suggest acute kidney injury and reduced kidney function after endurance cycling in the heat.
","abstract_html":"<p>AIM: To observe the effects of endurance cycling in the heat on renal function, and determine if the extent of impairment is related to hydration. METHODS: 40 cyclists (34 male, 6 female, 52 ± 9 y, 21.7 ± 6.5 % body fat) completed an endurance cycling event (5.7 ± 1.2 hours) in the heat (33.2 ± 5.0ºC, 38.4 ± 10.7% RH). Body mass was assessed to determine net fluid loss, muscle damage in the legs was assessed with a pain scale, a urine sample was collected to analyze hydration status, and a blood sample was drawn. All measurements were taken pre- and post-event. Serum creatinine was measured by colorimetric assay and analyzed via the Jaffe reaction, and creatinine clearance was estimated. An ELISA kit was used to measure serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. RESULTS: A net fluid loss of 1.3 ± 1.1 kg was observed. Urine specific gravity (P < 0.001) and leg muscle pain (P < 0.001) increased post-event. Serum creatinine increased from pre- (0.52 ± 0.14 mg/dL) to post-event (0.88 ± 0.21 mg/dL; P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance decreased from pre- (160.9 ± 48.9 mL/min) to post-event (95.2 ± 28.1 mL/min; P < 0.001). Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased from pre- (68.51 ± 17.54) to post-event (139.12 ± 36.52; P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: Changes observed in renal measures suggest acute kidney injury and reduced kidney function after endurance cycling in the heat.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Smith, Cody"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Kinesiology (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ganio, Matthew S.","Kavouras, Stavros A."],"advisors":["McDermott, Brendon P."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:59:58Z","subjects":["Health and environmental sciences","Cycling","Endurance","Heat","Observing","Renal","Exercise Science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1630","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ganio, Matthew S.","Kavouras, Stavros A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["McDermott, Brendon P."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Smith, Cody"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-05-17T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Kinesiology (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Health and environmental sciences","Cycling","Endurance","Heat","Observing","Renal","Exercise Science"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1630"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["AIM: To observe the effects of endurance cycling in the heat on renal function, and determine if the extent of impairment is related to hydration. METHODS: 40 cyclists (34 male, 6 female, 52 ± 9 y, 21.7 ± 6.5 % body fat) completed an endurance cycling event (5.7 ± 1.2 hours) in the heat (33.2 ± 5.0ºC, 38.4 ± 10.7% RH). Body mass was assessed to determine net fluid loss, muscle damage in the legs was assessed with a pain scale, a urine sample was collected to analyze hydration status, and a blood sample was drawn. All measurements were taken pre- and post-event. Serum creatinine was measured by colorimetric assay and analyzed via the Jaffe reaction, and creatinine clearance was estimated. An ELISA kit was used to measure serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. RESULTS: A net fluid loss of 1.3 ± 1.1 kg was observed. Urine specific gravity (P < 0.001) and leg muscle pain (P < 0.001) increased post-event. Serum creatinine increased from pre- (0.52 ± 0.14 mg/dL) to post-event (0.88 ± 0.21 mg/dL; P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance decreased from pre- (160.9 ± 48.9 mL/min) to post-event (95.2 ± 28.1 mL/min; P < 0.001). Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased from pre- (68.51 ± 17.54) to post-event (139.12 ± 36.52; P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: Changes observed in renal measures suggest acute kidney injury and reduced kidney function after endurance cycling in the heat.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Observing Renal Responses to Endurance Cycling in the Heat"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ganio, Matthew S.","Kavouras, Stavros A."],"dc:contributor.advisor":["McDermott, Brendon P."],"dc:creator":["Smith, Cody"],"dc:date":["2016"],"dc:date.available":["2017-05-17T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["AIM: To observe the effects of endurance cycling in the heat on renal function, and determine if the extent of impairment is related to hydration. METHODS: 40 cyclists (34 male, 6 female, 52 ± 9 y, 21.7 ± 6.5 % body fat) completed an endurance cycling event (5.7 ± 1.2 hours) in the heat (33.2 ± 5.0ºC, 38.4 ± 10.7% RH). Body mass was assessed to determine net fluid loss, muscle damage in the legs was assessed with a pain scale, a urine sample was collected to analyze hydration status, and a blood sample was drawn. All measurements were taken pre- and post-event. Serum creatinine was measured by colorimetric assay and analyzed via the Jaffe reaction, and creatinine clearance was estimated. An ELISA kit was used to measure serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. RESULTS: A net fluid loss of 1.3 ± 1.1 kg was observed. Urine specific gravity (P < 0.001) and leg muscle pain (P < 0.001) increased post-event. Serum creatinine increased from pre- (0.52 ± 0.14 mg/dL) to post-event (0.88 ± 0.21 mg/dL; P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance decreased from pre- (160.9 ± 48.9 mL/min) to post-event (95.2 ± 28.1 mL/min; P < 0.001). Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin increased from pre- (68.51 ± 17.54) to post-event (139.12 ± 36.52; P < 0.001) CONCLUSION: Changes observed in renal measures suggest acute kidney injury and reduced kidney function after endurance cycling in the heat.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1630"],"dc:subject":["Health and environmental sciences","Cycling","Endurance","Heat","Observing","Renal","Exercise Science"],"dc:title":["Observing Renal Responses to Endurance Cycling in the Heat"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Kinesiology (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:59:58Z"}