Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal movement patterns of the scapula, which have been associated with injury. Previous investigations have validated the scapular dyskinesis test as a visual assessment method using physicians, physical therapists, and certified athletic trainers. Through educational programs, athletic training students should be taught what scapular dyskinesis is and how to identify it. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to (a) evaluate entry-level graduate athletic training students' ability to identify scapular dyskinesis, (b) assess their reliability, and (c) determine if they were able to correctly identify the muscles involved in rehabilitating an individual with scapular dyskinesis. Follow-up questions were directed at the athletic training students' learning experiences and exposure to scapular dyskinesis. Forty-one graduate athletic training students volunteered to rate 15 videos of participants completing the scapular dyskinesis test. The raters exhibited 80% agreement in identifying scapular dyskinesis. Nineteen of those 41 completed the reliability component, which consisted of seven videos, and revealed moderate reliability (ê =.32 inter-rater; ê =.45 intra-rater). The raters also demonstrated an ability to identify the muscles involved, with 88% correct responses. The follow-up questions revealed that athletic training students perceive greater exposure to scapular dyskinesis and identifying scapular dyskinesis in the classroom setting compared to the clinical setting. Overall, the results indicated that entry-level graduate athletic training students are prepared and able to identify scapular dyskinesis during a scapular dyskinesis test. However, it also indicates a disparity in the clinical education component of the athletic training education program.
","abstract_html":"<p>Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal movement patterns of the scapula, which have been associated with injury. Previous investigations have validated the scapular dyskinesis test as a visual assessment method using physicians, physical therapists, and certified athletic trainers. Through educational programs, athletic training students should be taught what scapular dyskinesis is and how to identify it. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to (a) evaluate entry-level graduate athletic training students' ability to identify scapular dyskinesis, (b) assess their reliability, and (c) determine if they were able to correctly identify the muscles involved in rehabilitating an individual with scapular dyskinesis. Follow-up questions were directed at the athletic training students' learning experiences and exposure to scapular dyskinesis. Forty-one graduate athletic training students volunteered to rate 15 videos of participants completing the scapular dyskinesis test. The raters exhibited 80% agreement in identifying scapular dyskinesis. Nineteen of those 41 completed the reliability component, which consisted of seven videos, and revealed moderate reliability (ê =.32 inter-rater; ê =.45 intra-rater). The raters also demonstrated an ability to identify the muscles involved, with 88% correct responses. The follow-up questions revealed that athletic training students perceive greater exposure to scapular dyskinesis and identifying scapular dyskinesis in the classroom setting compared to the clinical setting. Overall, the results indicated that entry-level graduate athletic training students are prepared and able to identify scapular dyskinesis during a scapular dyskinesis test. However, it also indicates a disparity in the clinical education component of the athletic training education program.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Dwelly, Priscilla M."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy in Kinesiology (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Bonacci, Jeffrey A.","Gray, Michelle"],"advisors":["Oliver, Gretchen D."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2011-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:00:19Z","subjects":["Athletic students' ability","Athletic training education","Entry-level graduate athletic training","Scapukar dyskinesis","Scapular kinematics","Biomechanics","Exercise Science","Kinesiology","Kinesiotherapy","Physical Therapy"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/103","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Bonacci, Jeffrey A.","Gray, Michelle"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Oliver, Gretchen D."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Dwelly, Priscilla M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-09-29T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy in Kinesiology (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Athletic students' ability","Athletic training education","Entry-level graduate athletic training","Scapukar dyskinesis","Scapular kinematics","Biomechanics","Exercise Science","Kinesiology","Kinesiotherapy","Physical Therapy"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/103"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal movement patterns of the scapula, which have been associated with injury. Previous investigations have validated the scapular dyskinesis test as a visual assessment method using physicians, physical therapists, and certified athletic trainers. Through educational programs, athletic training students should be taught what scapular dyskinesis is and how to identify it. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to (a) evaluate entry-level graduate athletic training students' ability to identify scapular dyskinesis, (b) assess their reliability, and (c) determine if they were able to correctly identify the muscles involved in rehabilitating an individual with scapular dyskinesis. Follow-up questions were directed at the athletic training students' learning experiences and exposure to scapular dyskinesis. Forty-one graduate athletic training students volunteered to rate 15 videos of participants completing the scapular dyskinesis test. The raters exhibited 80% agreement in identifying scapular dyskinesis. Nineteen of those 41 completed the reliability component, which consisted of seven videos, and revealed moderate reliability (ê =.32 inter-rater; ê =.45 intra-rater). The raters also demonstrated an ability to identify the muscles involved, with 88% correct responses. The follow-up questions revealed that athletic training students perceive greater exposure to scapular dyskinesis and identifying scapular dyskinesis in the classroom setting compared to the clinical setting. Overall, the results indicated that entry-level graduate athletic training students are prepared and able to identify scapular dyskinesis during a scapular dyskinesis test. However, it also indicates a disparity in the clinical education component of the athletic training education program.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Athletic Training Students' Ability to Identify Scapular Dyskinesis"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Bonacci, Jeffrey A.","Gray, Michelle"],"dc:contributor.advisor":["Oliver, Gretchen D."],"dc:creator":["Dwelly, Priscilla M."],"dc:date":["2011"],"dc:date.available":["2017-09-29T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Scapular dyskinesis refers to abnormal movement patterns of the scapula, which have been associated with injury. Previous investigations have validated the scapular dyskinesis test as a visual assessment method using physicians, physical therapists, and certified athletic trainers. Through educational programs, athletic training students should be taught what scapular dyskinesis is and how to identify it. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to (a) evaluate entry-level graduate athletic training students' ability to identify scapular dyskinesis, (b) assess their reliability, and (c) determine if they were able to correctly identify the muscles involved in rehabilitating an individual with scapular dyskinesis. Follow-up questions were directed at the athletic training students' learning experiences and exposure to scapular dyskinesis. Forty-one graduate athletic training students volunteered to rate 15 videos of participants completing the scapular dyskinesis test. The raters exhibited 80% agreement in identifying scapular dyskinesis. Nineteen of those 41 completed the reliability component, which consisted of seven videos, and revealed moderate reliability (ê =.32 inter-rater; ê =.45 intra-rater). The raters also demonstrated an ability to identify the muscles involved, with 88% correct responses. The follow-up questions revealed that athletic training students perceive greater exposure to scapular dyskinesis and identifying scapular dyskinesis in the classroom setting compared to the clinical setting. Overall, the results indicated that entry-level graduate athletic training students are prepared and able to identify scapular dyskinesis during a scapular dyskinesis test. However, it also indicates a disparity in the clinical education component of the athletic training education program.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/103"],"dc:subject":["Athletic students' ability","Athletic training education","Entry-level graduate athletic training","Scapukar dyskinesis","Scapular kinematics","Biomechanics","Exercise Science","Kinesiology","Kinesiotherapy","Physical Therapy"],"dc:title":["Athletic Training Students' Ability to Identify Scapular Dyskinesis"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy in Kinesiology (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:00:19Z"}