Mâturîdî ve Râzî tefsirlerinde Mu'tezile eleştirilerinin mukayesesi
Our study deals with the tafsirs of Te'vilâtu'l-Kur'an and Mefâtîhu'l-Gayb, which are among the most influential works written with the method of wisdom in the tradition of Islamic exegesis, in the context of Mu'tazila criticism. In this direction, the criticisms developed by Mâturîdî and Razi, who are the pioneers of the rational approach in the Sunni tafsir tradition, against Mu'tazila, who made reason preceded in understanding the verses, are handled comparatively. Therefore, the effect of sectarian affiliation in tafsir is presented with examples in a comparative way, especially for the two commentators and their tafsir that we have examined. The limit of this study is that the criticisms made to the i'tizâlî views are only selected from the common topics in both tafsirs. This limitation not only reveals the historical roots of the problem that we will examine in our thesis, but also offers the opportunity to study in depth. The tafsirs, which constitute the main actors of our research, are examined with a perspective that attaches importance to comparison in terms of style and method through the examples that are the subject of Mu'tazila criticism. In this direction, our research has been formed in two parts, taking into account the main principles of Mu'tazila's theological views. In particular, summarizing these rational principles that Mu'tazila created in understanding the scriptures under the principles of tawhid and justice has been an important factor in determining the sections of our research. After the controversial issues between the Ahl as-Sunnah and the Mu'tazila, which emerged in the aforementioned titles, are briefly discussed as an introduction, the criticisms made to the strict views on that subject in the tafsir of Mâturîdî and Razi are handled with examples. Afterwards, both a general evaluation and comparison of these criticisms are made at the end of the chapters. In each title of our study, while the criticisms of Mâturîdî and then Râzî were processed, attention was paid to presenting a comparative style. In this context, in the determination of the examples that are subject to criticism, care was taken to select the ones that are suitable for comparison in terms of style and method. In addition, attention was paid to ensure that the selected samples were at a level to provide clues as much as possible about the Mu'tazila perception of the commentators. In this state, our study also examines the transformation of Mu'tazila anxiety and reaction in the Sunni tafsir tradition in the time period between the two commentators. It also reveals the effect of sectarian affiliation in the interpretation of verses within the tradition of Sunni tafsir.
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