Problem
Behavior-problem children constitute a main concern in the field of education today. The ability to recognize when the needs of the individual student call for procedures beyond the scope of the school is a professional necessity. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether students with school-related problems referred for psychiatric evaluation can be distinguished by a set of selected characteristics.
Method
Using multiple-discriminant analysis, students who had been referred for psychiatric evaluation were compared with students not referred for psychiatric evaluation on such criteria as teacher-pupil rating, as measured by Burks' Behavior Rating Scales; self-concept as measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale; generalized anxiety, as measured by the General Anxiety Scale for Children; cognitive ability, as measured by the Cognitive Abilities Test, Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test, or the Otis-Lennon Mental Ability Test; and family concept, as measured by the van der Veen Family Unit Inventory. One hundred and forty-eight children in grades four through ten were studied. Of this number fifty were referred for psychiatric evaluation and ninety-eight were non-referred.
Results
Those variables within the Teachers'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) poor social conformity, (-) excessive resistance, (+) poor attention, and (-) poor ego strength. Those variables within the Pupils'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) self-concept, (+) generalized anxiety, and (+) cognitive ability. The results of both samples, however, should be interpreted with caution in view of an inequality of dispersion matrices.
Conclusions
The two variables common to all divisions of the three analyses/instrument were poor attention and poor social conformity. These data could indicate that teachers are more influenced by overt, acting-out behavior than by other indicators of emotional disturbance. The non-referred group in the teachers'-ratings Scunple were rated as less anxious than the referred group. However, these same students were rated as being more anxious than the referred group when they rated themselves. It is possible that the students were experiencing more anxiety than was detected by the teachers. In the main the non-referred group can be described as having multiple assets, while the referred group can be described as having multiple problems.
","abstract_html":"<p>Problem</p> <p>Behavior-problem children constitute a main concern in the field of education today. The ability to recognize when the needs of the individual student call for procedures beyond the scope of the school is a professional necessity. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether students with school-related problems referred for psychiatric evaluation can be distinguished by a set of selected characteristics.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Using multiple-discriminant analysis, students who had been referred for psychiatric evaluation were compared with students not referred for psychiatric evaluation on such criteria as teacher-pupil rating, as measured by <em>Burks' Behavior Rating Scales</em>; self-concept as measured by the <em>Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale</em>; generalized anxiety, as measured by the <em>General Anxiety Scale for Children</em>; cognitive ability, as measured by the <em>Cognitive Abilities Test, Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test</em>, or the <em>Otis-Lennon Mental Ability Test</em>; and family concept, as measured by the van der Veen <em>Family Unit Inventory</em>. One hundred and forty-eight children in grades four through ten were studied. Of this number fifty were referred for psychiatric evaluation and ninety-eight were non-referred.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Those variables within the Teachers'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) poor social conformity, (-) excessive resistance, (+) poor attention, and (-) poor ego strength. Those variables within the Pupils'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) self-concept, (+) generalized anxiety, and (+) cognitive ability. The results of both samples, however, should be interpreted with caution in view of an inequality of dispersion matrices.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The two variables common to all divisions of the three analyses/instrument were poor attention and poor social conformity. These data could indicate that teachers are more influenced by overt, acting-out behavior than by other indicators of emotional disturbance. The non-referred group in the teachers'-ratings Scunple were rated as less anxious than the referred group. However, these same students were rated as being more anxious than the referred group when they rated themselves. It is possible that the students were experiencing more anxiety than was detected by the teachers. In the main the non-referred group can be described as having multiple assets, while the referred group can be described as having multiple problems.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pigott, Rebecca Louise"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Education","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Counseling Psychology, Ph.D.","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Robert A. Williams","Robert Cruise","Ruth Murdoch"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1977,"date_issued":"1977-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1977-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:54:11Z","subjects":["Education","School Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/634","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Robert A. Williams","Robert Cruise","Ruth Murdoch"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pigott, Rebecca Louise"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counseling Psychology, Ph.D."]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Education"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Education","School Psychology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/634"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Problem
Behavior-problem children constitute a main concern in the field of education today. The ability to recognize when the needs of the individual student call for procedures beyond the scope of the school is a professional necessity. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether students with school-related problems referred for psychiatric evaluation can be distinguished by a set of selected characteristics.
Method
Using multiple-discriminant analysis, students who had been referred for psychiatric evaluation were compared with students not referred for psychiatric evaluation on such criteria as teacher-pupil rating, as measured by Burks' Behavior Rating Scales; self-concept as measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale; generalized anxiety, as measured by the General Anxiety Scale for Children; cognitive ability, as measured by the Cognitive Abilities Test, Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test, or the Otis-Lennon Mental Ability Test; and family concept, as measured by the van der Veen Family Unit Inventory. One hundred and forty-eight children in grades four through ten were studied. Of this number fifty were referred for psychiatric evaluation and ninety-eight were non-referred.
Results
Those variables within the Teachers'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) poor social conformity, (-) excessive resistance, (+) poor attention, and (-) poor ego strength. Those variables within the Pupils'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) self-concept, (+) generalized anxiety, and (+) cognitive ability. The results of both samples, however, should be interpreted with caution in view of an inequality of dispersion matrices.
Conclusions
The two variables common to all divisions of the three analyses/instrument were poor attention and poor social conformity. These data could indicate that teachers are more influenced by overt, acting-out behavior than by other indicators of emotional disturbance. The non-referred group in the teachers'-ratings Scunple were rated as less anxious than the referred group. However, these same students were rated as being more anxious than the referred group when they rated themselves. It is possible that the students were experiencing more anxiety than was detected by the teachers. In the main the non-referred group can be described as having multiple assets, while the referred group can be described as having multiple problems.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Selected Characteristics of Children Referred for Psychiatric Evaluation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Robert A. Williams","Robert Cruise","Ruth Murdoch"],"dc:creator":["Pigott, Rebecca Louise"],"dc:description.abstract":["Problem
Behavior-problem children constitute a main concern in the field of education today. The ability to recognize when the needs of the individual student call for procedures beyond the scope of the school is a professional necessity. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether students with school-related problems referred for psychiatric evaluation can be distinguished by a set of selected characteristics.
Method
Using multiple-discriminant analysis, students who had been referred for psychiatric evaluation were compared with students not referred for psychiatric evaluation on such criteria as teacher-pupil rating, as measured by Burks' Behavior Rating Scales; self-concept as measured by the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale; generalized anxiety, as measured by the General Anxiety Scale for Children; cognitive ability, as measured by the Cognitive Abilities Test, Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Test, or the Otis-Lennon Mental Ability Test; and family concept, as measured by the van der Veen Family Unit Inventory. One hundred and forty-eight children in grades four through ten were studied. Of this number fifty were referred for psychiatric evaluation and ninety-eight were non-referred.
Results
Those variables within the Teachers'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) poor social conformity, (-) excessive resistance, (+) poor attention, and (-) poor ego strength. Those variables within the Pupils'-Ratings Sample contributing the most to the separation of the non-referred and referred groups were (+) self-concept, (+) generalized anxiety, and (+) cognitive ability. The results of both samples, however, should be interpreted with caution in view of an inequality of dispersion matrices.
Conclusions
The two variables common to all divisions of the three analyses/instrument were poor attention and poor social conformity. These data could indicate that teachers are more influenced by overt, acting-out behavior than by other indicators of emotional disturbance. The non-referred group in the teachers'-ratings Scunple were rated as less anxious than the referred group. However, these same students were rated as being more anxious than the referred group when they rated themselves. It is possible that the students were experiencing more anxiety than was detected by the teachers. In the main the non-referred group can be described as having multiple assets, while the referred group can be described as having multiple problems.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/634"],"dc:subject":["Education","School Psychology"],"dc:title":["Selected Characteristics of Children Referred for Psychiatric Evaluation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counseling Psychology, Ph.D."],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Education"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:54:11Z"}