{"id":{"repo_id":"alabama","oai_identifier":"oai:ir.ua.edu:123456789/17608"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/alabama/oai:ir.ua.edu:123456789/17608","repository":{"repo_id":"alabama","name":"University of Alabama","base_url":"https://ir-api.ua.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Co-Occurring Social Anxiety and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Emerging Adults: Links with Working Memory and Social Functioning","abstract":"Adolescents and emerging adults with co-occurring elevations on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety symptoms often display poorer social skills and overall social functioning when compared to individuals with elevations on just ADHD or social anxiety symptoms. That is, co-occurring elevations on ADHD and social anxiety appear to have an additive effect, leading to significantly greater social impairment. This additive effect may manifest at the level of social interaction via enhanced working memory (WM) impairment. Individuals with elevations in ADHD typically experience WM deficits, and individuals with social anxiety typically \"overspend\" attentional resources when actively anxious in a social interaction. The current study aimed to address the WM hypothesis by activating anxiety in participants, then measuring how this impacts WM performance. The following groups were recruited: Control (i.e., subclinical ADHD and social anxiety symptoms), ADHD, Social Anxiety, and ADHD + Social Anxiety. Participants were university students who completed WM assessments before and after a social stress manipulation, along with a self-report measure of social functioning. Groups generally showed improved working memory performance from pre- to post-stress, perhaps reflecting compensatory effort following the stressful experience or practice effects. The ADHD + Social Anxiety group reported significantly poorer social functioning compared to all other groups, replicating previous findings. Results suggest that while WM deficits were not detected in the current study, underlying social difficulties in individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms persist. Future research should examine alternative cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pathways that may contribute to the heightened social difficulties experienced by individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms.","abstract_html":"Adolescents and emerging adults with co-occurring elevations on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety symptoms often display poorer social skills and overall social functioning when compared to individuals with elevations on just ADHD or social anxiety symptoms. That is, co-occurring elevations on ADHD and social anxiety appear to have an additive effect, leading to significantly greater social impairment. This additive effect may manifest at the level of social interaction via enhanced working memory (WM) impairment. Individuals with elevations in ADHD typically experience WM deficits, and individuals with social anxiety typically "overspend" attentional resources when actively anxious in a social interaction. The current study aimed to address the WM hypothesis by activating anxiety in participants, then measuring how this impacts WM performance. The following groups were recruited: Control (i.e., subclinical ADHD and social anxiety symptoms), ADHD, Social Anxiety, and ADHD + Social Anxiety. Participants were university students who completed WM assessments before and after a social stress manipulation, along with a self-report measure of social functioning. Groups generally showed improved working memory performance from pre- to post-stress, perhaps reflecting compensatory effort following the stressful experience or practice effects. The ADHD + Social Anxiety group reported significantly poorer social functioning compared to all other groups, replicating previous findings. Results suggest that while WM deficits were not detected in the current study, underlying social difficulties in individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms persist. Future research should examine alternative cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pathways that may contribute to the heightened social difficulties experienced by individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Greenberg, Alex Joseph"],"institution":"University of Alabama Libraries","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Garrison, Katie E.","Barth, Joan M."],"advisors":["Jarrett, Matthew A."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025","date_published":"2025","updated_at":"2026-07-27T18:44:27Z","subjects":["ADHD","Co-occuring","Social Anxiety","Social Functioning","Working Memory"],"languages":["en_US","English"],"rights":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["1202265"],"render_values":[{"text":"1202265","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/17608","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Garrison, Katie E.","Barth, Joan M."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Jarrett, Matthew A."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Greenberg, Alex Joseph"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2026-02-09T22:56:31Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2026-02-09T22:56:31Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Alabama Libraries"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis","text"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ADHD","Co-occuring","Social Anxiety","Social Functioning","Working Memory"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["1202265"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/17608"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Adolescents and emerging adults with co-occurring elevations on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety symptoms often display poorer social skills and overall social functioning when compared to individuals with elevations on just ADHD or social anxiety symptoms. That is, co-occurring elevations on ADHD and social anxiety appear to have an additive effect, leading to significantly greater social impairment. This additive effect may manifest at the level of social interaction via enhanced working memory (WM) impairment. Individuals with elevations in ADHD typically experience WM deficits, and individuals with social anxiety typically \"overspend\" attentional resources when actively anxious in a social interaction. The current study aimed to address the WM hypothesis by activating anxiety in participants, then measuring how this impacts WM performance. The following groups were recruited: Control (i.e., subclinical ADHD and social anxiety symptoms), ADHD, Social Anxiety, and ADHD + Social Anxiety. Participants were university students who completed WM assessments before and after a social stress manipulation, along with a self-report measure of social functioning. Groups generally showed improved working memory performance from pre- to post-stress, perhaps reflecting compensatory effort following the stressful experience or practice effects. The ADHD + Social Anxiety group reported significantly poorer social functioning compared to all other groups, replicating previous findings. Results suggest that while WM deficits were not detected in the current study, underlying social difficulties in individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms persist. Future research should examine alternative cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pathways that may contribute to the heightened social difficulties experienced by individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["electronic"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Co-Occurring Social Anxiety and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Emerging Adults: Links with Working Memory and Social Functioning"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Garrison, Katie E.","Barth, Joan M."],"dc:contributor.advisor":["Jarrett, Matthew A."],"dc:creator":["Greenberg, Alex Joseph"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2026-02-09T22:56:31Z"],"dc:date.available":["2026-02-09T22:56:31Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025"],"dc:description":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"dc:description.abstract":["Adolescents and emerging adults with co-occurring elevations on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and social anxiety symptoms often display poorer social skills and overall social functioning when compared to individuals with elevations on just ADHD or social anxiety symptoms. That is, co-occurring elevations on ADHD and social anxiety appear to have an additive effect, leading to significantly greater social impairment. This additive effect may manifest at the level of social interaction via enhanced working memory (WM) impairment. Individuals with elevations in ADHD typically experience WM deficits, and individuals with social anxiety typically \"overspend\" attentional resources when actively anxious in a social interaction. The current study aimed to address the WM hypothesis by activating anxiety in participants, then measuring how this impacts WM performance. The following groups were recruited: Control (i.e., subclinical ADHD and social anxiety symptoms), ADHD, Social Anxiety, and ADHD + Social Anxiety. Participants were university students who completed WM assessments before and after a social stress manipulation, along with a self-report measure of social functioning. Groups generally showed improved working memory performance from pre- to post-stress, perhaps reflecting compensatory effort following the stressful experience or practice effects. The ADHD + Social Anxiety group reported significantly poorer social functioning compared to all other groups, replicating previous findings. Results suggest that while WM deficits were not detected in the current study, underlying social difficulties in individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms persist. Future research should examine alternative cognitive, emotional, and behavioral pathways that may contribute to the heightened social difficulties experienced by individuals with co-occurring ADHD and social anxiety symptoms."],"dc:format.medium":["electronic"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["1202265"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/17608"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["University of Alabama Libraries"],"dc:rights":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."],"dc:subject":["ADHD","Co-occuring","Social Anxiety","Social Functioning","Working Memory"],"dc:title":["Co-Occurring Social Anxiety and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms in Emerging Adults: Links with Working Memory and Social Functioning"],"dc:type":["thesis","text"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T18:44:27Z"}