{"id":{"repo_id":"alabama","oai_identifier":"oai:ir.ua.edu:123456789/17113"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/alabama/oai:ir.ua.edu:123456789/17113","repository":{"repo_id":"alabama","name":"University of Alabama","base_url":"https://ir-api.ua.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Financial Well-Being Among U.S. Adults: Exploring the Role of Gender and Marital Status","abstract":"This study examines the relationship between gender, marital status, and financial well-being among U.S. adults, drawing on data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). Financial well-being was assessed using both a single-item measure and a five-item scale developed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses were used to explore the individual and interaction effects of gender and marital status, controlling for socio-economic factors such as income, education, employment status, home ownership, health insurance coverage, dependent children, and financial knowledge. Further analyses were conducted using six composite variables that combined gender and marital status to investigate financial well-being further. The findings underscore disparities in financial well-being associated with both gender and marital status. Women, particularly those experiencing marital disruptions (being separated, divorced, or widowed), consistently reported lower financial well-being across both financial well-being measures. Notably, including an interaction term of gender and marital status in the analyses revealed compounded disadvantages for women who were single or were separated, divorced, or widowed. On the contrary, single men demonstrated higher levels of financial well-being when evaluated using the CFPB five-item financial well-being measurement. The results highlight the importance of economic empowerment initiatives and targeted financial interventions and policies that specifically address the vulnerabilities faced by women facing marital disruptions. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into how demographic identities shape financial well-being. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for improved financial education programs and policy reforms to bridge identified gaps and promote financial well-being and empowerment.","abstract_html":"This study examines the relationship between gender, marital status, and financial well-being among U.S. adults, drawing on data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). Financial well-being was assessed using both a single-item measure and a five-item scale developed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses were used to explore the individual and interaction effects of gender and marital status, controlling for socio-economic factors such as income, education, employment status, home ownership, health insurance coverage, dependent children, and financial knowledge. Further analyses were conducted using six composite variables that combined gender and marital status to investigate financial well-being further. The findings underscore disparities in financial well-being associated with both gender and marital status. Women, particularly those experiencing marital disruptions (being separated, divorced, or widowed), consistently reported lower financial well-being across both financial well-being measures. Notably, including an interaction term of gender and marital status in the analyses revealed compounded disadvantages for women who were single or were separated, divorced, or widowed. On the contrary, single men demonstrated higher levels of financial well-being when evaluated using the CFPB five-item financial well-being measurement. The results highlight the importance of economic empowerment initiatives and targeted financial interventions and policies that specifically address the vulnerabilities faced by women facing marital disruptions. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into how demographic identities shape financial well-being. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for improved financial education programs and policy reforms to bridge identified gaps and promote financial well-being and empowerment.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gonyoe, Godwin Dellah"],"institution":"University of Alabama Libraries","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Wilmarth, Melissa","Shin, Hhye"],"advisors":["Kim, Kyoung"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025","date_published":"2025","updated_at":"2026-07-27T18:44:23Z","subjects":["Financial Knowledge","Financial Well-Being","Gender","Marital Status"],"languages":["en_US","English"],"rights":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["1178635"],"render_values":[{"text":"1178635","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/17113","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Wilmarth, Melissa","Shin, Hhye"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Kim, Kyoung"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gonyoe, Godwin Dellah"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-09-04T16:14:50Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["8/27/2030"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Alabama Libraries"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis","text"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Financial Knowledge","Financial Well-Being","Gender","Marital Status"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["1178635"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/17113"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study examines the relationship between gender, marital status, and financial well-being among U.S. adults, drawing on data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). Financial well-being was assessed using both a single-item measure and a five-item scale developed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses were used to explore the individual and interaction effects of gender and marital status, controlling for socio-economic factors such as income, education, employment status, home ownership, health insurance coverage, dependent children, and financial knowledge. Further analyses were conducted using six composite variables that combined gender and marital status to investigate financial well-being further. The findings underscore disparities in financial well-being associated with both gender and marital status. Women, particularly those experiencing marital disruptions (being separated, divorced, or widowed), consistently reported lower financial well-being across both financial well-being measures. Notably, including an interaction term of gender and marital status in the analyses revealed compounded disadvantages for women who were single or were separated, divorced, or widowed. On the contrary, single men demonstrated higher levels of financial well-being when evaluated using the CFPB five-item financial well-being measurement. The results highlight the importance of economic empowerment initiatives and targeted financial interventions and policies that specifically address the vulnerabilities faced by women facing marital disruptions. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into how demographic identities shape financial well-being. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for improved financial education programs and policy reforms to bridge identified gaps and promote financial well-being and empowerment."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["electronic"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Financial Well-Being Among U.S. Adults: Exploring the Role of Gender and Marital Status"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Wilmarth, Melissa","Shin, Hhye"],"dc:contributor.advisor":["Kim, Kyoung"],"dc:creator":["Gonyoe, Godwin Dellah"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-09-04T16:14:50Z"],"dc:date.available":["8/27/2030"],"dc:date.issued":["2025"],"dc:description":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study examines the relationship between gender, marital status, and financial well-being among U.S. adults, drawing on data from the 2021 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). Financial well-being was assessed using both a single-item measure and a five-item scale developed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses were used to explore the individual and interaction effects of gender and marital status, controlling for socio-economic factors such as income, education, employment status, home ownership, health insurance coverage, dependent children, and financial knowledge. Further analyses were conducted using six composite variables that combined gender and marital status to investigate financial well-being further. The findings underscore disparities in financial well-being associated with both gender and marital status. Women, particularly those experiencing marital disruptions (being separated, divorced, or widowed), consistently reported lower financial well-being across both financial well-being measures. Notably, including an interaction term of gender and marital status in the analyses revealed compounded disadvantages for women who were single or were separated, divorced, or widowed. On the contrary, single men demonstrated higher levels of financial well-being when evaluated using the CFPB five-item financial well-being measurement. The results highlight the importance of economic empowerment initiatives and targeted financial interventions and policies that specifically address the vulnerabilities faced by women facing marital disruptions. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into how demographic identities shape financial well-being. 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