{"id":{"repo_id":"alabama","oai_identifier":"oai:ir.ua.edu:123456789/1007"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/alabama/oai:ir.ua.edu:123456789/1007","repository":{"repo_id":"alabama","name":"University of Alabama","base_url":"https://ir-api.ua.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Fundamental studies on electrochemical production of dendrite-free aluminum and titanium-aluminum alloys","abstract":"A novel dendrite-free electrorefining of aluminum scrap was investigated by using AlCl_3 -1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquid electrolyte. Electrodeposition of aluminum were conducted on copper/aluminum cathodes at voltage of 1.5 V, temperatures (50-110ºC), stirring rate (0-120 rpm), molar ratio (MR) of AlCl_3 :EMIC (1.25-2.0) and electrode surface modification (modified/unmodified). The study was focused to investigate the effect of process variables on deposit morphology, cathode current density and their role in production of dendrite-free aluminum. The deposits were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Modified electrodes and stirring rate (60 rpm) eliminate dendritic deposition by reducing cathode overpotential below critical overpotential (-0.54 V) for dendrite formation. Pure aluminum (>99%) was deposited with current efficiency of 84-99%. Chronoamperometry study was conducted using AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIC) (MR = 1.65:1) at 90ºC to understand the mechanism of aluminum electrodeposition and find out diffusion parameter of electroactive species Al_2 C_7 ^- . It was concluded that electrodeposition of aluminum is a diffusion controlled instantaneous nucleation process and diffusion coefficient of Al_3 C_7 ^- was found to be 5.2-6.9 × 10-11 m^2 /s and 2.2 × 10-11 m^2 /s for AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -BMIC, respectively. A novel production route of Ti-Al alloys was investigated using AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 (MR = 2:1:0.019) and AlCl_3 -BMIC (MR = 2:1) electrolytes at constant voltages of 1.5-3.0 V and temperatures (70-125°C). Ti sheet was used as anode and cathode. Characterization of electrodeposited Ti-Al alloys was carried out using SEM, EDS, XRD and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Effect of voltage and temperature on cathode current density, current efficiency, composition and morphology of Ti-Al alloys were determined. The Ti-Al alloys containing about 13-27 atom % Ti were produced using both electrolytes. The current efficiency of AlCl_3 -BMIC was varies between 79-87%. But lower current efficiency (25-38%) was obtained for AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 electrolytes due to the formation of TiCl_3 passive layer on the electrodes. To increase the productivity, constant current method (160-210 A/m^2 ) was implemented. This fundamental study on low temperature production of dendrite-free aluminum and Al-Ti alloys is not only efficient but also opens a novel route in aluminum and titanium process metallurgy.","abstract_html":"A novel dendrite-free electrorefining of aluminum scrap was investigated by using AlCl_3 -1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquid electrolyte. Electrodeposition of aluminum were conducted on copper/aluminum cathodes at voltage of 1.5 V, temperatures (50-110ºC), stirring rate (0-120 rpm), molar ratio (MR) of AlCl_3 :EMIC (1.25-2.0) and electrode surface modification (modified/unmodified). The study was focused to investigate the effect of process variables on deposit morphology, cathode current density and their role in production of dendrite-free aluminum. The deposits were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Modified electrodes and stirring rate (60 rpm) eliminate dendritic deposition by reducing cathode overpotential below critical overpotential (-0.54 V) for dendrite formation. Pure aluminum (>99%) was deposited with current efficiency of 84-99%. Chronoamperometry study was conducted using AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIC) (MR = 1.65:1) at 90ºC to understand the mechanism of aluminum electrodeposition and find out diffusion parameter of electroactive species Al_2 C_7 ^- . It was concluded that electrodeposition of aluminum is a diffusion controlled instantaneous nucleation process and diffusion coefficient of Al_3 C_7 ^- was found to be 5.2-6.9 × 10-11 m^2 /s and 2.2 × 10-11 m^2 /s for AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -BMIC, respectively. A novel production route of Ti-Al alloys was investigated using AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 (MR = 2:1:0.019) and AlCl_3 -BMIC (MR = 2:1) electrolytes at constant voltages of 1.5-3.0 V and temperatures (70-125°C). Ti sheet was used as anode and cathode. Characterization of electrodeposited Ti-Al alloys was carried out using SEM, EDS, XRD and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Effect of voltage and temperature on cathode current density, current efficiency, composition and morphology of Ti-Al alloys were determined. The Ti-Al alloys containing about 13-27 atom % Ti were produced using both electrolytes. The current efficiency of AlCl_3 -BMIC was varies between 79-87%. But lower current efficiency (25-38%) was obtained for AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 electrolytes due to the formation of TiCl_3 passive layer on the electrodes. To increase the productivity, constant current method (160-210 A/m^2 ) was implemented. This fundamental study on low temperature production of dendrite-free aluminum and Al-Ti alloys is not only efficient but also opens a novel route in aluminum and titanium process metallurgy.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pradhan, Debabrata"],"institution":"University of Alabama Libraries","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Gupta, Subhadra","Warren, Garry","Bao, Yuping","Dean, Derrick R."],"advisors":["Reddy, R. G."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010","date_published":"2010","updated_at":"2026-07-27T18:44:23Z","subjects":["Engineering, Metallurgy","Materials science"],"languages":["en_US","English"],"rights":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["u0015_0000001_0000502","Pradhan_alatus_0004D_10526"],"render_values":[{"text":"u0015_0000001_0000502","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"Pradhan_alatus_0004D_10526","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/1007","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Gupta, Subhadra","Warren, Garry","Bao, Yuping","Dean, Derrick R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Reddy, R. G."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.other","label":"Dc Contributor Other","values":["University of Alabama Tuscaloosa"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pradhan, Debabrata"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2017-03-01T14:37:44Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-03-01T14:37:44Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2010"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Alabama Libraries"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis","text"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Engineering, Metallurgy","Materials science"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["u0015_0000001_0000502","Pradhan_alatus_0004D_10526"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/1007"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A novel dendrite-free electrorefining of aluminum scrap was investigated by using AlCl_3 -1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquid electrolyte. Electrodeposition of aluminum were conducted on copper/aluminum cathodes at voltage of 1.5 V, temperatures (50-110ºC), stirring rate (0-120 rpm), molar ratio (MR) of AlCl_3 :EMIC (1.25-2.0) and electrode surface modification (modified/unmodified). The study was focused to investigate the effect of process variables on deposit morphology, cathode current density and their role in production of dendrite-free aluminum. The deposits were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Modified electrodes and stirring rate (60 rpm) eliminate dendritic deposition by reducing cathode overpotential below critical overpotential (-0.54 V) for dendrite formation. Pure aluminum (>99%) was deposited with current efficiency of 84-99%. Chronoamperometry study was conducted using AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIC) (MR = 1.65:1) at 90ºC to understand the mechanism of aluminum electrodeposition and find out diffusion parameter of electroactive species Al_2 C_7 ^- . It was concluded that electrodeposition of aluminum is a diffusion controlled instantaneous nucleation process and diffusion coefficient of Al_3 C_7 ^- was found to be 5.2-6.9 × 10-11 m^2 /s and 2.2 × 10-11 m^2 /s for AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -BMIC, respectively. A novel production route of Ti-Al alloys was investigated using AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 (MR = 2:1:0.019) and AlCl_3 -BMIC (MR = 2:1) electrolytes at constant voltages of 1.5-3.0 V and temperatures (70-125°C). Ti sheet was used as anode and cathode. Characterization of electrodeposited Ti-Al alloys was carried out using SEM, EDS, XRD and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Effect of voltage and temperature on cathode current density, current efficiency, composition and morphology of Ti-Al alloys were determined. The Ti-Al alloys containing about 13-27 atom % Ti were produced using both electrolytes. The current efficiency of AlCl_3 -BMIC was varies between 79-87%. But lower current efficiency (25-38%) was obtained for AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 electrolytes due to the formation of TiCl_3 passive layer on the electrodes. To increase the productivity, constant current method (160-210 A/m^2 ) was implemented. This fundamental study on low temperature production of dendrite-free aluminum and Al-Ti alloys is not only efficient but also opens a novel route in aluminum and titanium process metallurgy."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["electronic"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Fundamental studies on electrochemical production of dendrite-free aluminum and titanium-aluminum alloys"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Gupta, Subhadra","Warren, Garry","Bao, Yuping","Dean, Derrick R."],"dc:contributor.advisor":["Reddy, R. G."],"dc:contributor.other":["University of Alabama Tuscaloosa"],"dc:creator":["Pradhan, Debabrata"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2017-03-01T14:37:44Z"],"dc:date.available":["2017-03-01T14:37:44Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2010"],"dc:description":["Electronic Thesis or Dissertation"],"dc:description.abstract":["A novel dendrite-free electrorefining of aluminum scrap was investigated by using AlCl_3 -1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (EMIC) ionic liquid electrolyte. Electrodeposition of aluminum were conducted on copper/aluminum cathodes at voltage of 1.5 V, temperatures (50-110ºC), stirring rate (0-120 rpm), molar ratio (MR) of AlCl_3 :EMIC (1.25-2.0) and electrode surface modification (modified/unmodified). The study was focused to investigate the effect of process variables on deposit morphology, cathode current density and their role in production of dendrite-free aluminum. The deposits were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Modified electrodes and stirring rate (60 rpm) eliminate dendritic deposition by reducing cathode overpotential below critical overpotential (-0.54 V) for dendrite formation. Pure aluminum (>99%) was deposited with current efficiency of 84-99%. Chronoamperometry study was conducted using AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BMIC) (MR = 1.65:1) at 90ºC to understand the mechanism of aluminum electrodeposition and find out diffusion parameter of electroactive species Al_2 C_7 ^- . It was concluded that electrodeposition of aluminum is a diffusion controlled instantaneous nucleation process and diffusion coefficient of Al_3 C_7 ^- was found to be 5.2-6.9 × 10-11 m^2 /s and 2.2 × 10-11 m^2 /s for AlCl_3 -EMIC and AlCl_3 -BMIC, respectively. A novel production route of Ti-Al alloys was investigated using AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 (MR = 2:1:0.019) and AlCl_3 -BMIC (MR = 2:1) electrolytes at constant voltages of 1.5-3.0 V and temperatures (70-125°C). Ti sheet was used as anode and cathode. Characterization of electrodeposited Ti-Al alloys was carried out using SEM, EDS, XRD and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Effect of voltage and temperature on cathode current density, current efficiency, composition and morphology of Ti-Al alloys were determined. The Ti-Al alloys containing about 13-27 atom % Ti were produced using both electrolytes. The current efficiency of AlCl_3 -BMIC was varies between 79-87%. But lower current efficiency (25-38%) was obtained for AlCl_3 -BMIC-TiCl_4 electrolytes due to the formation of TiCl_3 passive layer on the electrodes. To increase the productivity, constant current method (160-210 A/m^2 ) was implemented. This fundamental study on low temperature production of dendrite-free aluminum and Al-Ti alloys is not only efficient but also opens a novel route in aluminum and titanium process metallurgy."],"dc:format.medium":["electronic"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["u0015_0000001_0000502","Pradhan_alatus_0004D_10526"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://ir.ua.edu/handle/123456789/1007"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["University of Alabama Libraries"],"dc:rights":["All rights reserved by the author unless otherwise indicated."],"dc:subject":["Engineering, Metallurgy","Materials science"],"dc:title":["Fundamental studies on electrochemical production of dendrite-free aluminum and titanium-aluminum alloys"],"dc:type":["thesis","text"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T18:44:23Z"}