{"id":{"repo_id":"abertay","oai_identifier":"oai:rke.abertay.ac.uk:studenttheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/abertay/oai:rke.abertay.ac.uk:studenttheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83","repository":{"repo_id":"abertay","name":"Abertay University","base_url":"https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/ws/oai"},"display":{"title":"Regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of CYP6M2 gene in insecticide resistant Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: culicidae)","abstract":"Cytochrome P450s, including CYP6M2 gene, are involved in the detoxification of permethrin. Some of these genes are regulated by CnCC / dKeap 1 and Spineless / Tango in Drosophila melanogaster. This mechanism is yet to be identified in Anopheles gambiae. Thus, we examine whether there is differential regulation of CYP6M2 gene between permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of An. gambiae. Bioinformatics analysis was used to search for cis-acting elements within CYP6M2 (896 bp) region hypothesised to contain the promoter. Isolated and cloned CYP6M2 promoter reporter constructs were transfected into Anopheles gambiae Sua 5.1* cells to measure luciferase activity as a surrogate promoter activity. The WHO adult bioassay was used to expose adult females of the permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of An. gambiae to discriminating doses of 0.75% permethrin. Uncharacterised strains from Auyo (Auyo-Nigeria) selected to 4% DDT and 0.1% Bendiocarb as recommended by WHO were also studied. Total RNA was isolated from the respective selected and unselected strains of An. gambiae and cDNA synthesised. Semi and Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using SYBR® Green were used to determine the gene expression and regulation levels. Results established the presence of putative AGAP010259 (AhR) and AGAP005300 (Nf2e1) cis-acting elements within Anopheles gambiae CYP6M2 promoters in silico. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed no promoter activity as confirmed by using CYP9M10 promoter from Culex quinquefasciatus with a known promoter activity as control. There is higher expression of Nf2e1 than AGAP010259 and a variable expression of CYP6M2 in all the insecticide selected individuals, which may potentially be associated with insecticide resistance. This study provides useful information on our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. These results have implications for the control of mosquito populations and the global spread of human, livestock and poultry diseases.
","abstract_html":"Cytochrome P450s, including <i>CYP6M2</i> gene, are involved in the detoxification of permethrin. Some of these genes are regulated by <i>CnCC / dKeap</i> 1 and Spineless / <i>Tango </i>in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. This mechanism is yet to be identified in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i>. Thus, we examine whether there is differential regulation of <i>CYP6M2</i> gene between permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of <i>An. gambiae</i>. Bioinformatics analysis was used to search for cis-acting elements within <i>CYP6M2</i> (896 bp) region hypothesised to contain the promoter. Isolated and cloned <i>CYP6M2 </i>promoter reporter constructs were transfected into <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Sua 5.1* cells to measure luciferase activity as a surrogate promoter activity. The WHO adult bioassay was used to expose adult females of the permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of <i>An. gambiae</i> to discriminating doses of 0.75% permethrin. Uncharacterised strains from Auyo (Auyo-Nigeria) selected to 4% DDT and 0.1% Bendiocarb as recommended by WHO were also studied. Total RNA was isolated from the respective selected and unselected strains of <i>An. gambiae</i> and cDNA synthesised. Semi and Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using SYBR® Green were used to determine the gene expression and regulation levels. Results established the presence of putative AGAP010259 (A<i>h</i>R) and AGAP005300 (Nf2e1) <i>cis</i>-acting elements within <i>Anopheles gambiae CYP6M2</i> promoters <i>in silico</i>. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed no promoter activity as confirmed by using <i>CYP9M10</i> promoter from <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> with a known promoter activity as control. There is higher expression of Nf2e1 than AGAP010259 and a variable expression of <i>CYP6M2</i> in all the insecticide selected individuals, which may potentially be associated with insecticide resistance. This study provides useful information on our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. These results have implications for the control of mosquito populations and the global spread of human, livestock and poultry diseases.<br/>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mohammed Rabiu, Balarabe"],"institution":"Abertay University","degree_name":"PhD","degree_level":"Doctoral Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Deeni, Yusuf","Collier, Phillip"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12","date_published":"2014-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:50:03Z","subjects":[],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:rke.abertay.ac.uk:studenttheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83"],"render_values":[{"text":"oai:rke.abertay.ac.uk:studenttheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Deeni, Yusuf","Collier, Phillip"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.sponsor","label":"Sponsor","values":["University of Abuja"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Mohammed Rabiu, Balarabe"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2014-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["SET"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["Abertay University"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Doctoral Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["PhD"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargodate","label":"Dc Rights Embargodate","values":["2018-03-26"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargoreason","label":"Dc Rights Embargoreason","values":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/publicationissues"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:rke.abertay.ac.uk:studenttheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83","https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/files/14640398/Mohammed_RegulatoryMechanismsInvolvedintheControl_RedactedThesis_2014.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Cytochrome P450s, including CYP6M2 gene, are involved in the detoxification of permethrin. Some of these genes are regulated by CnCC / dKeap 1 and Spineless / Tango in Drosophila melanogaster. This mechanism is yet to be identified in Anopheles gambiae. Thus, we examine whether there is differential regulation of CYP6M2 gene between permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of An. gambiae. Bioinformatics analysis was used to search for cis-acting elements within CYP6M2 (896 bp) region hypothesised to contain the promoter. Isolated and cloned CYP6M2 promoter reporter constructs were transfected into Anopheles gambiae Sua 5.1* cells to measure luciferase activity as a surrogate promoter activity. The WHO adult bioassay was used to expose adult females of the permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of An. gambiae to discriminating doses of 0.75% permethrin. Uncharacterised strains from Auyo (Auyo-Nigeria) selected to 4% DDT and 0.1% Bendiocarb as recommended by WHO were also studied. Total RNA was isolated from the respective selected and unselected strains of An. gambiae and cDNA synthesised. Semi and Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using SYBR® Green were used to determine the gene expression and regulation levels. Results established the presence of putative AGAP010259 (AhR) and AGAP005300 (Nf2e1) cis-acting elements within Anopheles gambiae CYP6M2 promoters in silico. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed no promoter activity as confirmed by using CYP9M10 promoter from Culex quinquefasciatus with a known promoter activity as control. There is higher expression of Nf2e1 than AGAP010259 and a variable expression of CYP6M2 in all the insecticide selected individuals, which may potentially be associated with insecticide resistance. This study provides useful information on our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. These results have implications for the control of mosquito populations and the global spread of human, livestock and poultry diseases.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of CYP6M2 gene in insecticide resistant Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: culicidae)"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Deeni, Yusuf","Collier, Phillip"],"dc:contributor.sponsor":["University of Abuja"],"dc:creator":["Mohammed Rabiu, Balarabe"],"dc:date":["2014-12"],"dc:date.issued":["2014-12"],"dc:description.abstract":["Cytochrome P450s, including CYP6M2 gene, are involved in the detoxification of permethrin. Some of these genes are regulated by CnCC / dKeap 1 and Spineless / Tango in Drosophila melanogaster. This mechanism is yet to be identified in Anopheles gambiae. Thus, we examine whether there is differential regulation of CYP6M2 gene between permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of An. gambiae. Bioinformatics analysis was used to search for cis-acting elements within CYP6M2 (896 bp) region hypothesised to contain the promoter. Isolated and cloned CYP6M2 promoter reporter constructs were transfected into Anopheles gambiae Sua 5.1* cells to measure luciferase activity as a surrogate promoter activity. The WHO adult bioassay was used to expose adult females of the permethrin resistant Tiassalé and susceptible Kisumu strains of An. gambiae to discriminating doses of 0.75% permethrin. Uncharacterised strains from Auyo (Auyo-Nigeria) selected to 4% DDT and 0.1% Bendiocarb as recommended by WHO were also studied. Total RNA was isolated from the respective selected and unselected strains of An. gambiae and cDNA synthesised. Semi and Real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using SYBR® Green were used to determine the gene expression and regulation levels. Results established the presence of putative AGAP010259 (AhR) and AGAP005300 (Nf2e1) cis-acting elements within Anopheles gambiae CYP6M2 promoters in silico. Luciferase reporter gene assays revealed no promoter activity as confirmed by using CYP9M10 promoter from Culex quinquefasciatus with a known promoter activity as control. There is higher expression of Nf2e1 than AGAP010259 and a variable expression of CYP6M2 in all the insecticide selected individuals, which may potentially be associated with insecticide resistance. This study provides useful information on our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. These results have implications for the control of mosquito populations and the global spread of human, livestock and poultry diseases.
"],"dc:identifier":["oai:rke.abertay.ac.uk:studenttheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83","https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/files/14640398/Mohammed_RegulatoryMechanismsInvolvedintheControl_RedactedThesis_2014.pdf"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher.department":["SET"],"dc:publisher.institution":["Abertay University"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/75a1f78b-2d00-49d7-a564-d67ef369eb83"],"dc:rights.embargodate":["2018-03-26"],"dc:rights.embargoreason":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/publicationissues"],"dc:title":["Regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of CYP6M2 gene in insecticide resistant Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: culicidae)"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Doctoral Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["PhD"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T00:50:03Z"}