{"id":{"repo_id":"aalto","oai_identifier":"oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/11834"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/aalto/oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/11834","repository":{"repo_id":"aalto","name":"Aalto University","base_url":"https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Improving the Metrological Traceability of Online Dry Grammage Measurement Used in the Paper Industry","abstract":"In the paper industry, the automatic control of raw material consumption and product quality relies upon online grammage (total mass per unit product area) and moisture measurement. The optimisation of raw material consumption is vital to the profitability of production, and the even quality is essential for satisfying customer needs. It was shown in this work that the basic errors of radioisotope Kr-85 based grammage and IR based moisture measurements, which are commonly used in the paper industry, can be decreased on average approximately 85% with traceable calibration methods. Moreover, a novel method was created for the simultaneous grade specific calibration of these measurements by applying machine reel sampling and traceable sample area measurement. It was demonstrated that a relative uncertainty of 0.5%, at the 95% confidence level, can be achieved in dry grammage calibration. The calibrations were performed according the EN ISO 536 (grammage) and the EN ISO 287 (moisture) standards. The uncertainties of existing measurement systems can be reduced usually over 50% with the created methods. The decrease of measurement uncertainty offers an opportunity for significant economic savings since one per cent change in the dry raw material consumption of a typical production line affects several hundreds of thousands euros in the annual raw material costs. The presented calibration methods can basically be applied to all paper and board production lines.","abstract_html":"In the paper industry, the automatic control of raw material consumption and product quality relies upon online grammage (total mass per unit product area) and moisture measurement. The optimisation of raw material consumption is vital to the profitability of production, and the even quality is essential for satisfying customer needs. It was shown in this work that the basic errors of radioisotope Kr-85 based grammage and IR based moisture measurements, which are commonly used in the paper industry, can be decreased on average approximately 85% with traceable calibration methods. Moreover, a novel method was created for the simultaneous grade specific calibration of these measurements by applying machine reel sampling and traceable sample area measurement. It was demonstrated that a relative uncertainty of 0.5%, at the 95% confidence level, can be achieved in dry grammage calibration. The calibrations were performed according the EN ISO 536 (grammage) and the EN ISO 287 (moisture) standards. The uncertainties of existing measurement systems can be reduced usually over 50% with the created methods. The decrease of measurement uncertainty offers an opportunity for significant economic savings since one per cent change in the dry raw material consumption of a typical production line affects several hundreds of thousands euros in the annual raw material costs. The presented calibration methods can basically be applied to all paper and board production lines.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kangasrääsiö, Juha"],"institution":"Aalto University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":"Signaalinkäsittelyn ja akustiikan laitos","school":null,"contributors":["Aalto-yliopisto","Aalto University"],"advisors":["Ikonen, Erkki, Prof., Aalto University, Metrology Research Institute, Finland"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013","date_published":"2013","updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/11834","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"source_record":{"url":"https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/server/oai/request?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=dim&identifier=oai%3Aaaltodoc.aalto.fi%3A123456789%2F11834","prefix":"dim"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Aalto-yliopisto","Aalto University"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Ikonen, Erkki, Prof., Aalto University, Metrology Research Institute, Finland"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Signaalinkäsittelyn ja akustiikan laitos","Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.supervisor","label":"Supervisor","values":["Ikonen, Erkki, Prof., Aalto University, Metrology Research Institute, Finland"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kangasrääsiö, Juha"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2013-12-12T10:00:33Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2013-12-12T10:00:33Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2013"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Aalto University","Aalto-yliopisto"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["text"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/11834"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In the paper industry, the automatic control of raw material consumption and product quality relies upon online grammage (total mass per unit product area) and moisture measurement. The optimisation of raw material consumption is vital to the profitability of production, and the even quality is essential for satisfying customer needs. It was shown in this work that the basic errors of radioisotope Kr-85 based grammage and IR based moisture measurements, which are commonly used in the paper industry, can be decreased on average approximately 85% with traceable calibration methods. Moreover, a novel method was created for the simultaneous grade specific calibration of these measurements by applying machine reel sampling and traceable sample area measurement. It was demonstrated that a relative uncertainty of 0.5%, at the 95% confidence level, can be achieved in dry grammage calibration. The calibrations were performed according the EN ISO 536 (grammage) and the EN ISO 287 (moisture) standards. The uncertainties of existing measurement systems can be reduced usually over 50% with the created methods. The decrease of measurement uncertainty offers an opportunity for significant economic savings since one per cent change in the dry raw material consumption of a typical production line affects several hundreds of thousands euros in the annual raw material costs. The presented calibration methods can basically be applied to all paper and board production lines.","Paperiteollisuudessa tuotannon raaka-ainekulutuksen ja laadun automaattinen säätö tukeutuu tuotannonaikaiseen neliömassan (massa pinta-alayksikköä kohti) ja kosteuden mittaukseen. Raaka-ainekäytön optimointi on tärkeää tuotannon kannattavuuden kannalta ja asiakastarpeet voidaan täyttää vain tasalaatuisella tuotannolla. Työssä osoitettiin, että paperiteollisuudessa yleisesti käytettyjen radioisotooppi Kr-85:een pohjautuvien neliömassamittausten ja infrapunasäteilyyn perustuvien kosteusmittausten virheitä voidaan pienentää keskimäärin noin 85 % jäljitettävien kalibrointimenetelmien avulla. Lisäksi kehitettiin menetelmä neliömassa- ja kosteusmittausten samanaikaiseen tuotekohtaiseen kalibrointiin. Menetelmä perustuu konerullista tehtävään näytteenottoon ja näytteiden pinta-alojen jäljitettävään mittaukseen. Tehtyjen kalibrointien avulla osoitettiin, että kuivan neliömassan kalibroinnissa voidaan saavuttaa 0,5 %:n suhteellinen epävarmuus 95 %:n luotettavuustasolla. Kalibroinnit tehtiin soveltaen standardeja EN ISO 536 (neliömassa) ja EN ISO 287 (kosteus). Käytössä olevien mittauslaitteiden mittausepävarmuutta voidaan pienentää yleensä yli 50 % kehitetyillä menetelmillä. Mittausepävarmuuden pienentäminen avaa mahdollisuuden merkittäviin taloudellisiin saastoihin, koska tyypillisesti yhden prosenttiyksikön muutos tuotantolinjan kuivaraaka- aineen käytössä vaikuttaa satoja tuhansia euroja tehtaan vuotuisiin raaka-ainekustannuksiin. Tässä työssä käytettyjä kalibrointimenetelmiä voidaan periaatteessa hyödyntää kaikilla paperin ja kartongin valmistuslinjoilla."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Improving the Metrological Traceability of Online Dry Grammage Measurement Used in the Paper Industry","Paperiteollisuudessa käytettävän online-kuivamassamittauksen metrologisen jäljitettävyyden parantaminen"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Aalto-yliopisto","Aalto University"],"dc:contributor.advisor":["Ikonen, Erkki, Prof., Aalto University, Metrology Research Institute, Finland"],"dc:contributor.department":["Signaalinkäsittelyn ja akustiikan laitos","Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics"],"dc:contributor.supervisor":["Ikonen, Erkki, Prof., Aalto University, Metrology Research Institute, Finland"],"dc:creator":["Kangasrääsiö, Juha"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2013-12-12T10:00:33Z"],"dc:date.available":["2013-12-12T10:00:33Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2013"],"dc:description.abstract":["In the paper industry, the automatic control of raw material consumption and product quality relies upon online grammage (total mass per unit product area) and moisture measurement. The optimisation of raw material consumption is vital to the profitability of production, and the even quality is essential for satisfying customer needs. It was shown in this work that the basic errors of radioisotope Kr-85 based grammage and IR based moisture measurements, which are commonly used in the paper industry, can be decreased on average approximately 85% with traceable calibration methods. Moreover, a novel method was created for the simultaneous grade specific calibration of these measurements by applying machine reel sampling and traceable sample area measurement. It was demonstrated that a relative uncertainty of 0.5%, at the 95% confidence level, can be achieved in dry grammage calibration. The calibrations were performed according the EN ISO 536 (grammage) and the EN ISO 287 (moisture) standards. The uncertainties of existing measurement systems can be reduced usually over 50% with the created methods. The decrease of measurement uncertainty offers an opportunity for significant economic savings since one per cent change in the dry raw material consumption of a typical production line affects several hundreds of thousands euros in the annual raw material costs. The presented calibration methods can basically be applied to all paper and board production lines.","Paperiteollisuudessa tuotannon raaka-ainekulutuksen ja laadun automaattinen säätö tukeutuu tuotannonaikaiseen neliömassan (massa pinta-alayksikköä kohti) ja kosteuden mittaukseen. Raaka-ainekäytön optimointi on tärkeää tuotannon kannattavuuden kannalta ja asiakastarpeet voidaan täyttää vain tasalaatuisella tuotannolla. Työssä osoitettiin, että paperiteollisuudessa yleisesti käytettyjen radioisotooppi Kr-85:een pohjautuvien neliömassamittausten ja infrapunasäteilyyn perustuvien kosteusmittausten virheitä voidaan pienentää keskimäärin noin 85 % jäljitettävien kalibrointimenetelmien avulla. Lisäksi kehitettiin menetelmä neliömassa- ja kosteusmittausten samanaikaiseen tuotekohtaiseen kalibrointiin. Menetelmä perustuu konerullista tehtävään näytteenottoon ja näytteiden pinta-alojen jäljitettävään mittaukseen. Tehtyjen kalibrointien avulla osoitettiin, että kuivan neliömassan kalibroinnissa voidaan saavuttaa 0,5 %:n suhteellinen epävarmuus 95 %:n luotettavuustasolla. Kalibroinnit tehtiin soveltaen standardeja EN ISO 536 (neliömassa) ja EN ISO 287 (kosteus). Käytössä olevien mittauslaitteiden mittausepävarmuutta voidaan pienentää yleensä yli 50 % kehitetyillä menetelmillä. Mittausepävarmuuden pienentäminen avaa mahdollisuuden merkittäviin taloudellisiin saastoihin, koska tyypillisesti yhden prosenttiyksikön muutos tuotantolinjan kuivaraaka- aineen käytössä vaikuttaa satoja tuhansia euroja tehtaan vuotuisiin raaka-ainekustannuksiin. Tässä työssä käytettyjä kalibrointimenetelmiä voidaan periaatteessa hyödyntää kaikilla paperin ja kartongin valmistuslinjoilla."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/handle/123456789/11834"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Aalto University","Aalto-yliopisto"],"dc:title":["Improving the Metrological Traceability of Online Dry Grammage Measurement Used in the Paper Industry","Paperiteollisuudessa käytettävän online-kuivamassamittauksen metrologisen jäljitettävyyden parantaminen"],"dc:type":["G5 Artikkeliväitöskirja"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["text"]},"updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z"}