{"id":{"repo_id":"aachen","oai_identifier":"oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:62520"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/aachen/oai:publications.rwth-aachen.de:62520","repository":{"repo_id":"aachen","name":"RWTH Aachen University","base_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/oai2d"},"display":{"title":"Homologe intrauterine Insemination (IUI) im stimulierten Zyklus : Bedeutung von Spermiogrammparametern in Nativ-Spermiogrammen und nach Ejakulat-Aufbereitungen","abstract":"In the present study it was examined, wether at all and to which extend the single parameters of semen analysis before and after preparation do have an impact on the pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination (IUI). If possible, a threshold was established beyond which the probability of success after IUI would decrease distinctly. The calculated pregnancy rate was 23,6% per couple and with that only slightly beyond the probability for a fertile couple to reach a pregnancy within the first month (25-30%). Statistically significant impact could be proved for the body-mass-index (BMI), for the fraction of local motil sperm in the basic spermiogram, for the percental change of the fraction of local motil sperm between the nativ and the processed spermiogram as well as for the percental change of the ratio between slowly progressiv and local motile sperm before and after preparation. In respect of the woman’s age it could be shown that the pregancy rate decreased clearly when the woman was younger (13,7%) respectively older (7,2%) than 35 years; the difference was not statistically significant. An impact of the man’s age could not be demonstrated in the present study. Former pregancies of the woman did also not have an effect on the pregnancy rate after IUI. Concerning the impact of morphology respectively “severe sperm defects” no final conclusion could be made because of highly fluctuating pregnancy rates in the different groups of morphology respectively severe sperm defects on the one hand. On the other hand, no decline of pregnancy rates could be shown with decreasing percentags of normal morphology respectively increasing fraction of severe sperm defects. Well-defined results could be drawn for the following parameters: The analysis of “indications” as a whole did not show an effect on the resulting pregnancy rates. However, with more detailed consideration of single indication-parameters a siginificantly lower pregnancy rate could be found for the tubal dysfunction (4,6% per cycle). Notably good pregnancy rates could be calculated for patients with primary (18,4%) and secondary (16,7%) sterility, ovarial dysorder (16,7%), cycle-dysorders (28,6%) as well as for couples with idiopathic sterility (15,2%). For the andrologic indication IUI also is an appropriate therapy (pregnancy rate 12,2%). As to the basal FSH-value it could be found that it is edaquate to distinguish between patients who will probably become pregnant and who probably will not. The various analysed categories of motility in the basis spermiogram are all qualified to differenciate between couples who have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI and those who only have a low chance to become pregnant; in doing so the fraction of local motile sperm has a statistically significant impact on the pregnancy rate. Concerning long-time-motility the WHO-threshold of at least 20% of motile sperm after two hours could be verified. In terms of motility after one day, for which the WHO does not propose a limiting value, by means of the present data a threshold of 10% of motile sperm could be found, which should be available to have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI. The sperm function tests used in Aachen (eosintest, HOS-test and chromatin-condensation-test) are all for themselves appropriate to differenciate between couples with good respectively bad chances for a pregnancy after IUI. As thresholds values of at least 50% vital sperm in the eosin-test, 60% intact sperm in the HOS-test and a fraction of at least 50% with normal chromatin condensation could be established.Sperm function tests and thresholds:Test Threshold [%]Motility after 2 hours > 20 Motility after 1 day > 10 Eosintest > 50 HOS-test > 60 Chromatin condensation > 50 As an optimal period of rest an abstinence from sexual intercourse of 8-10 days is recommended before IUI. As to the various preparation methods it was found that the most frequently used method of swim-up is a suitable and successful technique in regards of sperm selection, as after application of this method good pregnancy rates were achieved (11,3% per cycle). For confident predication regarding the values of the other utilized preparation methods the falling number of the present study is not sufficent, so that therefor further studies have to be put into practice. For the analysed parameters before and after preparation the following thresholds could be established.Thresholds for spermiogram parameters before and after processing: Parameter Native After processingSperm concentration > 15 mio/ml 10-20 mio/mlTotal number of sperms 20 mio. per ejaculate 1 mio. per ejaculateMotility progr. motility -- > 50% total motility -- > 90% immotile sperm -- < 10%inseminated progr. motile Sperm -- 1 mio. per sampleThe comparison of pregnancies from ejaculates, in which more than one parameter was beyond WHO-limit, with those in which at least two parameters were within the borders of WHO, showed, that the chance to become pregnant is so much the better, the more parameters are within the WHO normal range. On the basis of the present data it could be demonstrated that IUI in connection with cyle-stimulation is an efficient technique to fulfill the longing for a child of a subfertile couple. IUI can lead to satisfying results in case of andrologic, idiopathic as well as gynecologic indication, with exception of the tubal dysfunction.","abstract_html":"In the present study it was examined, wether at all and to which extend the single parameters of semen analysis before and after preparation do have an impact on the pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination (IUI). If possible, a threshold was established beyond which the probability of success after IUI would decrease distinctly. The calculated pregnancy rate was 23,6% per couple and with that only slightly beyond the probability for a fertile couple to reach a pregnancy within the first month (25-30%). Statistically significant impact could be proved for the body-mass-index (BMI), for the fraction of local motil sperm in the basic spermiogram, for the percental change of the fraction of local motil sperm between the nativ and the processed spermiogram as well as for the percental change of the ratio between slowly progressiv and local motile sperm before and after preparation. In respect of the woman’s age it could be shown that the pregancy rate decreased clearly when the woman was younger (13,7%) respectively older (7,2%) than 35 years; the difference was not statistically significant. An impact of the man’s age could not be demonstrated in the present study. Former pregancies of the woman did also not have an effect on the pregnancy rate after IUI. Concerning the impact of morphology respectively “severe sperm defects” no final conclusion could be made because of highly fluctuating pregnancy rates in the different groups of morphology respectively severe sperm defects on the one hand. On the other hand, no decline of pregnancy rates could be shown with decreasing percentags of normal morphology respectively increasing fraction of severe sperm defects. Well-defined results could be drawn for the following parameters: The analysis of “indications” as a whole did not show an effect on the resulting pregnancy rates. However, with more detailed consideration of single indication-parameters a siginificantly lower pregnancy rate could be found for the tubal dysfunction (4,6% per cycle). Notably good pregnancy rates could be calculated for patients with primary (18,4%) and secondary (16,7%) sterility, ovarial dysorder (16,7%), cycle-dysorders (28,6%) as well as for couples with idiopathic sterility (15,2%). For the andrologic indication IUI also is an appropriate therapy (pregnancy rate 12,2%). As to the basal FSH-value it could be found that it is edaquate to distinguish between patients who will probably become pregnant and who probably will not. The various analysed categories of motility in the basis spermiogram are all qualified to differenciate between couples who have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI and those who only have a low chance to become pregnant; in doing so the fraction of local motile sperm has a statistically significant impact on the pregnancy rate. Concerning long-time-motility the WHO-threshold of at least 20% of motile sperm after two hours could be verified. In terms of motility after one day, for which the WHO does not propose a limiting value, by means of the present data a threshold of 10% of motile sperm could be found, which should be available to have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI. The sperm function tests used in Aachen (eosintest, HOS-test and chromatin-condensation-test) are all for themselves appropriate to differenciate between couples with good respectively bad chances for a pregnancy after IUI. As thresholds values of at least 50% vital sperm in the eosin-test, 60% intact sperm in the HOS-test and a fraction of at least 50% with normal chromatin condensation could be established.Sperm function tests and thresholds:Test Threshold [%]Motility after 2 hours &gt; 20 Motility after 1 day &gt; 10 Eosintest &gt; 50 HOS-test &gt; 60 Chromatin condensation &gt; 50 As an optimal period of rest an abstinence from sexual intercourse of 8-10 days is recommended before IUI. As to the various preparation methods it was found that the most frequently used method of swim-up is a suitable and successful technique in regards of sperm selection, as after application of this method good pregnancy rates were achieved (11,3% per cycle). For confident predication regarding the values of the other utilized preparation methods the falling number of the present study is not sufficent, so that therefor further studies have to be put into practice. For the analysed parameters before and after preparation the following thresholds could be established.Thresholds for spermiogram parameters before and after processing: Parameter Native After processingSperm concentration &gt; 15 mio/ml 10-20 mio/mlTotal number of sperms 20 mio. per ejaculate 1 mio. per ejaculateMotility progr. motility -- &gt; 50% total motility -- &gt; 90% immotile sperm -- &lt; 10%inseminated progr. motile Sperm -- 1 mio. per sampleThe comparison of pregnancies from ejaculates, in which more than one parameter was beyond WHO-limit, with those in which at least two parameters were within the borders of WHO, showed, that the chance to become pregnant is so much the better, the more parameters are within the WHO normal range. On the basis of the present data it could be demonstrated that IUI in connection with cyle-stimulation is an efficient technique to fulfill the longing for a child of a subfertile couple. IUI can lead to satisfying results in case of andrologic, idiopathic as well as gynecologic indication, with exception of the tubal dysfunction.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wegmann, Britta"],"institution":"Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Neulen, Joseph"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2007,"date_issued":"2007","date_published":"2007","updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:43:28Z","subjects":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610","Insemination","Spermatogramm","Spermium","Medizin","Schwangerschaftsrate","spermiogram","sperm","pregnancy rate"],"languages":["ger"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-124085%22"],"render_values":[{"text":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-124085%22","href":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-124085%22","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/62520","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Neulen, Joseph"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wegmann, Britta"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:coverage","label":"Dc Coverage","values":["DE"]},{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2007"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"]},{"key":"dc:relation","label":"Dc Relation","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-20010"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610","Insemination","Spermatogramm","Spermium","Medizin","Schwangerschaftsrate","spermiogram","sperm","pregnancy rate"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["ger"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/62520","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-124085%22"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["In the present study it was examined, wether at all and to which extend the single parameters of semen analysis before and after preparation do have an impact on the pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination (IUI). If possible, a threshold was established beyond which the probability of success after IUI would decrease distinctly. The calculated pregnancy rate was 23,6% per couple and with that only slightly beyond the probability for a fertile couple to reach a pregnancy within the first month (25-30%). Statistically significant impact could be proved for the body-mass-index (BMI), for the fraction of local motil sperm in the basic spermiogram, for the percental change of the fraction of local motil sperm between the nativ and the processed spermiogram as well as for the percental change of the ratio between slowly progressiv and local motile sperm before and after preparation. In respect of the woman’s age it could be shown that the pregancy rate decreased clearly when the woman was younger (13,7%) respectively older (7,2%) than 35 years; the difference was not statistically significant. An impact of the man’s age could not be demonstrated in the present study. Former pregancies of the woman did also not have an effect on the pregnancy rate after IUI. Concerning the impact of morphology respectively “severe sperm defects” no final conclusion could be made because of highly fluctuating pregnancy rates in the different groups of morphology respectively severe sperm defects on the one hand. On the other hand, no decline of pregnancy rates could be shown with decreasing percentags of normal morphology respectively increasing fraction of severe sperm defects. Well-defined results could be drawn for the following parameters: The analysis of “indications” as a whole did not show an effect on the resulting pregnancy rates. However, with more detailed consideration of single indication-parameters a siginificantly lower pregnancy rate could be found for the tubal dysfunction (4,6% per cycle). Notably good pregnancy rates could be calculated for patients with primary (18,4%) and secondary (16,7%) sterility, ovarial dysorder (16,7%), cycle-dysorders (28,6%) as well as for couples with idiopathic sterility (15,2%). For the andrologic indication IUI also is an appropriate therapy (pregnancy rate 12,2%). As to the basal FSH-value it could be found that it is edaquate to distinguish between patients who will probably become pregnant and who probably will not. The various analysed categories of motility in the basis spermiogram are all qualified to differenciate between couples who have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI and those who only have a low chance to become pregnant; in doing so the fraction of local motile sperm has a statistically significant impact on the pregnancy rate. Concerning long-time-motility the WHO-threshold of at least 20% of motile sperm after two hours could be verified. In terms of motility after one day, for which the WHO does not propose a limiting value, by means of the present data a threshold of 10% of motile sperm could be found, which should be available to have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI. The sperm function tests used in Aachen (eosintest, HOS-test and chromatin-condensation-test) are all for themselves appropriate to differenciate between couples with good respectively bad chances for a pregnancy after IUI. As thresholds values of at least 50% vital sperm in the eosin-test, 60% intact sperm in the HOS-test and a fraction of at least 50% with normal chromatin condensation could be established.Sperm function tests and thresholds:Test Threshold [%]Motility after 2 hours > 20 Motility after 1 day > 10 Eosintest > 50 HOS-test > 60 Chromatin condensation > 50 As an optimal period of rest an abstinence from sexual intercourse of 8-10 days is recommended before IUI. As to the various preparation methods it was found that the most frequently used method of swim-up is a suitable and successful technique in regards of sperm selection, as after application of this method good pregnancy rates were achieved (11,3% per cycle). For confident predication regarding the values of the other utilized preparation methods the falling number of the present study is not sufficent, so that therefor further studies have to be put into practice. For the analysed parameters before and after preparation the following thresholds could be established.Thresholds for spermiogram parameters before and after processing: Parameter Native After processingSperm concentration > 15 mio/ml 10-20 mio/mlTotal number of sperms 20 mio. per ejaculate 1 mio. per ejaculateMotility progr. motility -- > 50% total motility -- > 90% immotile sperm -- < 10%inseminated progr. motile Sperm -- 1 mio. per sampleThe comparison of pregnancies from ejaculates, in which more than one parameter was beyond WHO-limit, with those in which at least two parameters were within the borders of WHO, showed, that the chance to become pregnant is so much the better, the more parameters are within the WHO normal range. On the basis of the present data it could be demonstrated that IUI in connection with cyle-stimulation is an efficient technique to fulfill the longing for a child of a subfertile couple. IUI can lead to satisfying results in case of andrologic, idiopathic as well as gynecologic indication, with exception of the tubal dysfunction."]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University IV, 118 S. : graph. Darst. (2007). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2007"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Homologe intrauterine Insemination (IUI) im stimulierten Zyklus : Bedeutung von Spermiogrammparametern in Nativ-Spermiogrammen und nach Ejakulat-Aufbereitungen"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Neulen, Joseph"],"dc:coverage":["DE"],"dc:creator":["Wegmann, Britta"],"dc:date":["2007"],"dc:description":["In the present study it was examined, wether at all and to which extend the single parameters of semen analysis before and after preparation do have an impact on the pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination (IUI). If possible, a threshold was established beyond which the probability of success after IUI would decrease distinctly. The calculated pregnancy rate was 23,6% per couple and with that only slightly beyond the probability for a fertile couple to reach a pregnancy within the first month (25-30%). Statistically significant impact could be proved for the body-mass-index (BMI), for the fraction of local motil sperm in the basic spermiogram, for the percental change of the fraction of local motil sperm between the nativ and the processed spermiogram as well as for the percental change of the ratio between slowly progressiv and local motile sperm before and after preparation. In respect of the woman’s age it could be shown that the pregancy rate decreased clearly when the woman was younger (13,7%) respectively older (7,2%) than 35 years; the difference was not statistically significant. An impact of the man’s age could not be demonstrated in the present study. Former pregancies of the woman did also not have an effect on the pregnancy rate after IUI. Concerning the impact of morphology respectively “severe sperm defects” no final conclusion could be made because of highly fluctuating pregnancy rates in the different groups of morphology respectively severe sperm defects on the one hand. On the other hand, no decline of pregnancy rates could be shown with decreasing percentags of normal morphology respectively increasing fraction of severe sperm defects. Well-defined results could be drawn for the following parameters: The analysis of “indications” as a whole did not show an effect on the resulting pregnancy rates. However, with more detailed consideration of single indication-parameters a siginificantly lower pregnancy rate could be found for the tubal dysfunction (4,6% per cycle). Notably good pregnancy rates could be calculated for patients with primary (18,4%) and secondary (16,7%) sterility, ovarial dysorder (16,7%), cycle-dysorders (28,6%) as well as for couples with idiopathic sterility (15,2%). For the andrologic indication IUI also is an appropriate therapy (pregnancy rate 12,2%). As to the basal FSH-value it could be found that it is edaquate to distinguish between patients who will probably become pregnant and who probably will not. The various analysed categories of motility in the basis spermiogram are all qualified to differenciate between couples who have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI and those who only have a low chance to become pregnant; in doing so the fraction of local motile sperm has a statistically significant impact on the pregnancy rate. Concerning long-time-motility the WHO-threshold of at least 20% of motile sperm after two hours could be verified. In terms of motility after one day, for which the WHO does not propose a limiting value, by means of the present data a threshold of 10% of motile sperm could be found, which should be available to have a good chance to become pregnant after IUI. The sperm function tests used in Aachen (eosintest, HOS-test and chromatin-condensation-test) are all for themselves appropriate to differenciate between couples with good respectively bad chances for a pregnancy after IUI. As thresholds values of at least 50% vital sperm in the eosin-test, 60% intact sperm in the HOS-test and a fraction of at least 50% with normal chromatin condensation could be established.Sperm function tests and thresholds:Test Threshold [%]Motility after 2 hours > 20 Motility after 1 day > 10 Eosintest > 50 HOS-test > 60 Chromatin condensation > 50 As an optimal period of rest an abstinence from sexual intercourse of 8-10 days is recommended before IUI. As to the various preparation methods it was found that the most frequently used method of swim-up is a suitable and successful technique in regards of sperm selection, as after application of this method good pregnancy rates were achieved (11,3% per cycle). For confident predication regarding the values of the other utilized preparation methods the falling number of the present study is not sufficent, so that therefor further studies have to be put into practice. For the analysed parameters before and after preparation the following thresholds could be established.Thresholds for spermiogram parameters before and after processing: Parameter Native After processingSperm concentration > 15 mio/ml 10-20 mio/mlTotal number of sperms 20 mio. per ejaculate 1 mio. per ejaculateMotility progr. motility -- > 50% total motility -- > 90% immotile sperm -- < 10%inseminated progr. motile Sperm -- 1 mio. per sampleThe comparison of pregnancies from ejaculates, in which more than one parameter was beyond WHO-limit, with those in which at least two parameters were within the borders of WHO, showed, that the chance to become pregnant is so much the better, the more parameters are within the WHO normal range. On the basis of the present data it could be demonstrated that IUI in connection with cyle-stimulation is an efficient technique to fulfill the longing for a child of a subfertile couple. IUI can lead to satisfying results in case of andrologic, idiopathic as well as gynecologic indication, with exception of the tubal dysfunction."],"dc:identifier":["https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/62520","https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/search?p=id:%22RWTH-CONV-124085%22"],"dc:language":["ger"],"dc:publisher":["Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University"],"dc:relation":["info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-20010"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess"],"dc:source":["Aachen : Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University IV, 118 S. : graph. Darst. (2007). = Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2007"],"dc:subject":["info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610","Insemination","Spermatogramm","Spermium","Medizin","Schwangerschaftsrate","spermiogram","sperm","pregnancy rate"],"dc:title":["Homologe intrauterine Insemination (IUI) im stimulierten Zyklus : Bedeutung von Spermiogrammparametern in Nativ-Spermiogrammen und nach Ejakulat-Aufbereitungen"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis","info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-30T19:43:28Z"}